Generator Toplega Zraka nakup rabljenega (15.424)

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2012, Générateur d'air chaud occasion Année de fabrication : 2012 avec brûleur soufflant au fioul (testé selon DIN 4794) version suspendue Puissance calorifique nominale : max. 120 kW Débit d'air chaud : 9 200 m³/h Type de combustible : fioul Mode de fonctionnement : intermittent Composé essentiellement de : - Enveloppe en tôle d'acier double paroi, isolée, galvanisée Gjdpfx Ahow Nab Ss Djuh - Chambre de combustion en acier spécial résistant à la chaleur avec échangeur de chaleur - Ventilateur radial avec moteur triphasé, puissance 2,2 kW - Brûleur soufflant au fioul - Cheminée en inox double paroi isolée avec trappe de nettoyage - Armoire de commande avec commutateurs de sélection - Régulateur numérique avec minuterie Env. 20 m de conduit supplémentaire avec grilles d’aération réglables verticalement et horizontalement inclus, avec régulation du débit volumique 4 ventilateurs de recyclage d’air avec régulation de température différentielle en continu Disponibilité : rapide Lieu de stockage : Hagen, Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Reznor UDSA Gas Warm Air Heater UDSA Gas Warm Air Heater – Efficiency at Its Peak The best-known device from REZNOR is the UDSA gas-fired warm air heater, which ensures uniform air distribution in industrial halls. This easy-to-install recirculation unit is available in 14 output sizes ranging from 7 to 97 kW, consisting of a heat exchanger, gas burner, and an exhaust fan. Combustion air can be supplied either from outside (standard) or from the installation room. The REZNOR UDSA warm air heater guarantees even air distribution in the heated space. Its patented heat exchanger sets new standards for airflow and heat transfer, achieving an efficiency of over 92 percent. UDSA: compact, revolutionary, and trend-setting. This generation of equipment enables especially economical hall heating directly—meaning without a central heating system—via decentralized, modulating gas-fired warm air units. REZNOR UDSA Gas Warm Air Heater – Advantages: - Efficiency greater than 92% - Also suitable for vertical installation - Low NOx emissions - Innovative combustion concept - Quiet operation - CE certified, type B and C - Compact design for easy installation - Uniform heat distribution - Supplied with both vertical and horizontal air deflection louvres as standard - Modulation of heating output up to 50% - EC technology - ErP Ready These units are directly heated gas air heaters with fan-assisted atmospheric multi-gas burners. Installation and connection of the gas and exhaust must be carried out only by authorised installation companies. The Gas Warm Air Heaters are suitable for: - Natural gas or LPG operation - Recirculating air operation - Intake temperatures below 5°C when using stainless steel heat exchanger* - 1-stage or 2-stage* heating operation, control via room thermostat and switch "Heating" - Ventilation° controlled via ECOtronic TN-L° with day/night/week program - Flue gas exhaust via roof, type B or C ° - Flue gas exhaust through the external wall, type C ° Gas Warm Air Heater Model: UDSA055-4E Gas Appliance Type: B22P-C12-C32-C52-C62 Destination: DE Gas Category: I2ELL Gas Type: G20 Natural Gas Connection Pressure: 20 mbar Nozzle Pressure: 8.40 mbar Max. Rated Heat Input (Hs) QN: 66.04 kW Max. Rated Heat Input (Hi) QN: 59.50 kW Min. Rated Heat Input (Hs) QN: 33.02 kW Min. Rated Heat Input (Hi) QN: 29.75 kW Gujdowb A Hiepfx Ah Dsh Max. Rated Heat Output: 54.74 kW Min. Rated Heat Output: 26.92 kW Connection Voltage: 230V 1N, 50Hz Air Flow Rate: 5,830 m3/h Protection Class: IP20 Pin No. 0461BN0677 Find more new and used items in our shop! International shipping costs on request!

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, skupna masa: 450 kg, Leto izdelave: 2022, številka stroja/vozila: 41728980, THERMOBILE, IMA-200 RHP GB 200-RHP, mobile hot air generator (400 V) with separate flue gas exhaust, mounted oil burner RG 4, pre-filter for heating oil, radial fan, and plug-in thermostat preparation. Year of manufacture: 2022, Operating hours: 0 - Rated heat load: 200 kW - Air flow capacity: 13,000 m³/h - Connection: 400 V Gsdpovnuq Isfx Ah Deuh - Pressure: 500 Pa - Weight: 450 kg Technical highlights of this series: - Burner hood with oil drip tray - Outlet opening Ø 600 mm - Pre-fitted for recirculation mode (optional intake nozzle available, item no. TE41728445) - Thermostat connection prepared (plug contact) - Electrical distribution protected against impact - Robust construction with large wheels for easy transport, even on rough terrain Accessories such as room thermostat, warm air hoses, tanks and tank heating, as well as flue pipes and rain cap are not included in this offer, but can be supplied on request. Note: The buyer can arrange collection of the item via freight forwarding company. If you do not have contact details for freight forwarders, we will be happy to assist you with addresses or make enquiries on your behalf.

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Reznor UDSA Gas Warm Air Heater Gas-WLE Type: UDSA050-4E Gas Appliance Category: BSP-C12-C32-C52-C62 Specification: DE Gas Category: I2ELL Gas Type: G20 Natural Gas Connection Pressure: 20 mbar Nozzle Pressure: 7.90 mbar Max. Rated Heat Input (Hs) QN: 58.60 kW Max. Rated Heat Input (Hi) QN: 52.80 kW Min. Rated Heat Input (Hs) QN: Min. Rated Heat Input (Hi) QN: Max. Rated Heat Output: 48.58 kW Min. Rated Heat Output: Connection Voltage: 230V 1N, 50Hz Air Flow Rate: 5180 m3/h Protection Class: IP20 Pin No. 0461BN0677 UDSA Gas Warm Air Heaters – Efficient at Every Level The best-known unit from REZNOR, the UDSA gas warm air heater, ensures even air distribution in industrial halls. This easy-to-install recirculating unit is available in 14 output sizes from 7 to 97 kW and consists of a heat exchanger, gas burner, and an exhaust fan. Combustion air can be supplied either standard from outside, or from the installation room. The UDSA warm air heater from REZNOR guarantees uniform air distribution throughout the heated hall. Its patented heat exchanger sets new standards in airflow and heat transfer, achieving an efficiency of over 92%. UDSA: compact, revolutionary, and trendsetting. Guedpfxjwb Axrj Ah Djh With this generation of devices, halls can be heated directly—i.e., without central heating—in a particularly cost-effective way using decentral, modulating gas warm air heaters. REZNOR UDSA Gas Warm Air Heater – The Advantages: - Efficiency of more than 92% - Suitable for vertical installation - Low NOx emissions - Innovative combustion design - Quiet operation - With CE system certification, type B or C - Compact design for easy installation - Even heat distribution - Vertical and horizontal air guide louvres as standard - Heat output modulation up to 50% - EC technology - ErP Ready These units are directly fired gas warm air heaters with fan-assisted atmospheric multi-gas burners. Installation and gas/exhaust connections may only be carried out by an authorised installation company. The gas warm air heaters are suitable for: - Operation with natural gas or LPG - Recirculation mode - Intake temperatures below 5°C with stainless steel heat exchanger* - 1-stage or optionally 2-stage heating mode* controlled via room thermostat and heating control switch - Ventilation° controlled via ECOtronic TN-L° with day-night-week programming - Flue gas venting through roof, type B or C ° - Flue gas venting through external wall, type C ° Find more new and used items in our shop! International shipping costs on request!

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Leto izdelave: 2010, Mobile Oil-Fired Warm Air Heater / Heater / Heating Unit 120 kW - Used equipment from rental fleet – Year of manufacture: 2007 - For construction heating / building sites / stables / tents / exhibitions / workshops / etc. Offer description: TB 110, mobile oil-fired warm air heater with separate flue gas exhaust, mounted oil burner RG 2, fuel oil prefilter with quick venting and single-pipe system, radial fan, and plug-ready thermostat preparation. Gujdevnu Akepfx Ah Deh Nominal heat load: 120 kW Airflow rate: 6,500 m³/h Connection: 230 V / 50 Hz Motor power: 1.1 kW Weight: 235 kg Dimensions (LxWxH): 200 x 90 x 115 cm Accessories such as room thermostat, warm air hoses, tanks and tank heating, as well as exhaust pipes and rain hood are not included in this offer, but can be supplied upon request. Note: The buyer can arrange collection by a freight forwarder. If you do not have contacts with forwarding agents, we are pleased to assist with addresses or inquire for you.

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Reznor UDSA Gas-Fired Warm Air Heater UDSA Gas-Fired Air Heater – Efficient Performance at Its Peak The best-known product from REZNOR, the UDSA gas-fired warm air heater, ensures uniform air distribution in industrial halls. This easy-to-install recirculation unit is available in 14 capacity ranges from 7 to 97 kW and comprises a heat exchanger, gas burner, and an exhaust fan. The combustion air can be supplied either via the standard outside air route or directly from the installation room. The REZNOR UDSA warm air heater provides uniform air distribution throughout the heated space. Its patented heat exchanger sets new standards in terms of airflow and heat transfer, boasting an efficiency of over 92%. UDSA: compact, revolutionary, and pioneering. This generation of units allows for particularly economical direct heating of halls—that is, without a central heating system—by using decentralized, modulating gas-fired warm air heaters. REZNOR UDSA Gas-Fired Warm Air Heater. Key Advantages: - Efficiency greater than 92% - Also suitable for vertical installation - Low NOx emissions - Innovative combustion concept - Quiet operation - With CE system certification, versions B and C - Compact design for easy installation - Uniform heat distribution - Vertical and horizontal air discharge louvres as standard - Heat output modulation down to 50% - EC technology - ErP Ready These units are direct-fired gas warm air heaters (WLE) featuring fan-supported multi-gas atmospheric burners. Installation, as well as gas and flue connections, must be performed exclusively by an approved specialist company. The gas WLE units are suitable for: - Operating with natural gas or LPG - Recirculating air operation - Intake temperatures below 5°C with stainless steel heat exchanger* - Single-stage or two-stage* heating operation, controlled via room thermostat and heating control switch - Ventilation mode° control via ECOtronic TN-L° with day-night-week program - Flue gas discharge through the roof (Version B or C)° or through the external wall (Version C)° Gas WLE Type: UDSA064-4E Appliance Type: BSP-C12-C32-C52-C62 Specification: DE Gas Category: I2ELL Gas Type: G20 Natural Gas Connection Pressure: 20 mbar Nozzle Pressure: 7.90 mbar Max. Rated Heat Input (Hs) QN: 77.69 kW Max. Rated Heat Input (Hi) QN: 70.00 kW Min. Rated Heat Input (Hs) QN: Min. Rated Heat Input (Hi) QN: Max. Rated Heat Output: 64.40 kW Min. Rated Heat Output: Operating voltage: 230V 1N, 50Hz Air flow rate: 6,810 m³/h Protection class: IP20 Pin No.: 0461BN0677 Discover more new and used products in our shop! Gjdpfx Ajwb Amish Douh International shipping costs on request!

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2025, Generator vročega zraka, toplozračna peč, delavniška peč, ogrevanje hal, modeli F28, F55CV, F85CV, F120CV NOVE stroji Takojšnja dostava -30 % POPUST na stroje z takojšnjo dostavo CE-uredba: DA Izjava o skladnosti EU: DA Navodila za uporabo: DA Približna ogrevana površina F28: 100/150 m² Približna ogrevana površina F55CV: 300/350 m² Približna ogrevana površina F85CV: 450/500 m² Guodpfx Ajh U A Uaeh Dsh Približna ogrevana površina F120: 600/700 m²

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2025, Hot Air Generator, Warm Air Furnace, Workshop Stove, Hall Heater — Models F28 - F55CV - F85CV - F120CV - F240CV NEW machines The machines operate with wood Immediate delivery Suitable for heating industrial buildings, warehouses, workshops, and private spaces. Godpof H Hlrofx Ah Douh Fuels: wood, wood chips, paper, cardboard CE-compliant machines: YES Voltage: 220V single-phase (models F28 and F55CV) Voltage: 380V (models F85CV, F120CV, F240CV) 100% MADE IN ITALY CV models are equipped with an additional fan for flue gas extraction at the base of the chimney. Available models: F28 – Heating area up to 100/150 m² F55CV – Heating area up to 300/350 m² F85CV – Heating area up to 450/500 m² F120CV – Heating area up to 650/700 m² F240CV – Heating area up to 1000 m² Technical construction features: Horizontal furnace made of stainless, thermal chromium steel with reinforcing ribs. Two- or three-pass smoke tube heat exchanger. Inner lining made of polished sheet metal for insulation and separation. Outer casing of painted or galvanized sheet metal. Frame constructed of painted steel profiles. Feeding doors fitted with fireproof material and removable grates. Fireproof plates for cleaning the tubes. Centrifugal fans with dual suction for warm air distribution, operating at low speed, mounted on special elastic mountings, driven by one or more electric motors. Electrical control and switching panel – adjustable thermostat. Maintenance: Routine maintenance consists of removing accumulated ash by opening the door. General cleaning of the tubes should be carried out once or twice a year.

Stanje: kot nova (razstavni stroj), Leto izdelave: 2018, obratovalne ure: 600 h, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, številka stroja/vozila: 050L, skupna masa: 1.575 kg, volumenski pretok: 26 m³/h, moč: 390 kW (530,25 KM), ogrevalna zmogljivost: 4.250 kW (5.778,38 KM), nazivna toplotna moč: 335 kW (455,47 KM), skupna višina: 2.200 mm, skupna dolžina: 2.400 mm, skupna širina: 1.250 mm, vrsta vhodnega toka: trifazni, vhodna napetost: 400 V, Oprema: dokumentacija / priročnik, FABBRI F 350 - HE Moč: 455 kW (425.000 kcal/h) Moč: 390 kW (335.000 kcal/h) Električna moč: 5,7 kW Gjdpfx Aorir Arjh Deuh Pretok zraka: 2.600 m³/h Teža: 1.575 kg Oprema je kot nova. Delovnih ur: 600 h Prodaja se skupaj z aluminijastimi cevmi – cca. 200 m Prodaja se skupaj z dimnikom

Stanje: rabljeno, Screw Compressor WORTHINGTON - CREYSSENSAC Type Rollair 40 -- RLR 40BM6 Serial No. 6240330200 Year of manufacture: 2003 Free Air Delivery: 4.6 m³/min Gujdpfefmim Usx Ah Dsh Operating Pressure: 10 bar Main Motor Power: 30 kW Power Supply: 400 Volt, 50 Hz Connection Thread: 1 1/2 inch - 36,004 operating hours (read off) - 19,256 load hours (read off) - Sound-insulated Required space (L x W x H): 1850 x 1050 x 1760 mm Weight: 910 kg Good condition

Leto izdelave: 2018, Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Diameter of process lines/regeneration drain lines/compressed air lines: 50mm/50mm/8mm, max. inlet temperature: 34°C, max. hardness: 10/20°Fr, operating pressure min./max.: 2bar/8bar, minimum filtration rating: 5µm, max. glycol content: 25%, dry air output: 50m³-150m³/h, dew point: below 50°C, max. process temperature: 200°C, tank volume: 30dm³-200dm³, max. compressed air consumption: 300l-500l/h, machine dimensions (L/W/H): approx. 800mm/650mm/1100mm, weight: approx. 150kg. Documentation available. On-site inspection possible. Gedpfxjuk I Etj Ah Douh

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Motan Trocknungslufterzeuger MDC400 Baujahr 1994 400 m³/h Anschlusswert 27 kW Gujdpfx Ajp Ndlujh Djh Heizung 24,5 kW

Leto izdelave: 2020, obratovalne ure: 0 h, Stanje: novo, For sale are 4 stationary hot air generators 360S oil/gas by Knoll. Purchased in 08/2022 from DEXES Berlin, Original price: €12,499 net/unit; Warranty valid until 07/2024. 3 units are unused (€11,000 net/unit); Gjdpfx Ahjppv Hbj Deuh 1 unit was used only 3 times: price negotiable for this one. Location: 95506 Kastl; Available individually; Self-collection preferred. The hot air generator comes equipped with an oil burner/nozzle and room thermostat.

Stanje: rabljeno, Piston Compressor KAESER Type EPC 630-250 Serial No. 1802334 Year of manufacture: 1992 Volume flow at 6 bar: 440 l/min Intake capacity max.: 630 l/min Max. pressure: 10 bar Tank capacity: 250 liters Motor power: 3 kW Power supply: 400 Volt, 50 Hz (with 16 A plug) - 2-cylinder, oil-lubricated - Pressure switch set to 10 bar - Run time from 0 bar to cut-off pressure of 10 bar: 5 min Dimensions (L x W x H): 750 x 700 x 1750 mm Weight: approx. 150 kg Godpfxowypqrj Ah Dsuh Good condition

Stanje: rabljeno, Screw Compressor KAESER Type BS 50 Serial No. 402852 Year of manufacture: 1990 Free air delivery: 5 m³/min Operating pressure: 7.5 bar Main motor power: 30 kW Mains connection: 400 Volt, 50 Hz Connection thread: 1 1/2" inch - 1107.90 operating hours (read off) - 749.00 load hours (read off) Guodpfsiyu Ifjx Ah Deh - Soundproofed Dimensions (L x W x H): 1600 x 1070 x 1350 mm Weight: 900 kg Very good condition Was a backup compressor and has only a few operating hours

Stanje: skoraj kot novo (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2023, Generator electrical power unit emergency generator, Make: Emean, Type: DAGFS 50, 50 kW, 50 Hz, 400 Volt, 3 phase, 4-cylinder, water-cooled, IP23, year of manufacture 2023, with 3 x 16 amp sockets (blue) and 1 x 32 amp socket (red), dimensions: 2.30 m x 0.95 m x 1.25 m, weight: approx. 900 kg, new, unused. Rated output: 50 kVA, continuous output max. 40 kVA, standby output: 55 kVA / 44 kW, rated current 33 amps, voltage 400/230 volt, 50 Hz, 230 volt, 50 Hz. Fuel consumption at 75% load: approx. 11 liters/hour, fuel consumption at standby approx. 4 liters/hour. Power unit: 4-cylinder in-line diesel engine RICARDO, engine output at 1,500 rpm: 45 kW, engine output at 1,800 rpm: 55 kW, displacement: 1,500 cc, fuel tank capacity: 99 liters. Simple and compact design with sound-insulated metal enclosure, fork pockets for easy and safe forklift transport, 3 x CEE 16A socket (3-pin, 230V), 1 x CEE socket (5-pin, 400V), terminals for cable power connection for external consumers, e.g., construction site distribution boxes, 2 starter batteries 12 V for 24 V starter, weight: approx. 870 kg. Godpfev Hamxex Ah Douh

Stanje: novo, Za delovanje generatorja dušika je potreben dodatni kompresor zraka. Gusdpfsxfrv Eex Ah Djh Čistost dušika: 99,999 % Vhodni tlak: 8 bar Izhodni tlak: 7 bar Moč: 75 W (poraba energije na uro za proizvodnjo dušika) 3-v-1 dizajn, ni potrebe po dodatnem kompresorju, hladilniku ali sušilniku Čist plin

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Used CHPP (Combined Heat and Power Plant) Manufacturer: Indop Year of manufacture: 2014 Fuel type: Natural gas Electrical output: 50 kW Thermal output: 80 kW Operating hours: 26,605 h Engine type: MAN GAS ENGINE e0834 e32 (54 kW) Number of cylinders: 4 Guodpowthziefx Ah Dsh Available: - 3 units Indop 50 kW, €13,400 each - 2 units Indop 20 kW, €8,600 each - 1 unit Energ-g 50 kW, €13,400 - 1 MAN GAS ENGINE e0834 e32 (54 kW) Test run possible.

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 1990, MAN 125KVA dizelski generator Gujdpew U N Daofx Ah Djh

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2005, laserske ure: 4.029 h, laserska moč: 2.000 W, We offer a generator and a TRUMPF TCF1 resonator. These components are from a portal 3D laser system. Gusdpfov Ic Sasx Ah Dsh

Leto izdelave: 2025, Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Kompletno – Novi MWM generator na plin, opcionalno kao kogeneracijska jedinica (CHP), Generator 10.500 V / 50 Hz Godpfx Ahov Uag Is Dsuh

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2022, barva: drugo, Year of manufacture: Jan. 2021 Serial number: 2212353 Gsdpfovmg Shex Ah Djuh

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2023, obratovalne ure: 1 h, barva: drugo, Year of manufacture: Jan. 2022 Guedpfxjvmg R Ro Ah Djh Serial number: 2023S0008

Leto izdelave: 2025, Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Uporabe in koristi za stranke: ASCO® generator zagotavlja stabilno, zanesljivo energijo za gradbišča, industrijske obrate in mobilne sisteme. Zasnovan za zahtevna okolja omogoča učinkovitost, nizko vzdrževanje in maksimalen čas delovanja za primarne in rezervne energetske potrebe. Ključne značilnosti: • Kompaktni, robusten dvovaljni dizelski motor • Električni zagonski sistem za enostavno upravljanje • Nizka poraba goriva (3,5 l/h) in 25 l rezervoar • Tiho delovanje pri 83 dBA (7 m) • Zelo vzdržljiva, nizkovzdrževalna zasnova Godpjxdmhtofx Ah Djuh Tehnične značilnosti: D 0,910 m · Š 0,578 m · V 0,668 m · Qmax 13,75 kVA · Moč 15 kW · Prostornina 954 cm³ · Gorivo 25 l · Poraba goriva: 3,5 l/h · Teža 190 kg · Napetost 230/400 V · 50 Hz · Hrup 83 dBA (7 m)

Stanje: rabljeno, prevoženi kilometri: 31.388 km, moč: 160 kW (217,54 KM), prva registracija: 11/1992, skupna masa: 12.000 kg, vrsta goriva: dizel, barva: rdeča, konfiguracija osi: 2 osi, vrsta prenosa: mehanski, emisijski razred: euro2, Leto izdelave: 1992, Oprema: ABS, navigacijski sistem, M-Benz 1224 4x4 RW2 Rescue Vehicle VIN 5569873 Vehicle ID: 1151324 Chassis / Attachments: - Wheelbase: 3,600 mm - Leaf suspension - Tires: 10 R 22.5 - Tire tread depth: front ~90%, rear ~80% - 1x diesel tank - Winch: 60 m, 13 mm diameter - Trailer hitch Cab: - 3-seater - 2x rotating beacons Body: - Metz RW2 - Kirsch Type: D20SE - Rotzler winch: 60 m - Lighting mast: 6 m - Power generator Engine / Transmission: - 11,309 cc / 218 HP / 160 kW - 5-speed gearbox - Differential lock - PTO (power take-off) Weights: - Gross vehicle weight: 12,000 kg - Unladen weight: 8,500 kg - Payload: 3,500 kg Other: - German vehicle - Rescue saw (for metal and glass) New roadworthiness inspections, safety checks, or payload reductions/increases are available upon request. We are happy to assist you in obtaining export/transfer license plates, and can also arrange delivery of your purchased vehicles within Germany. Contact us!----We speak German, English and Russian!----No liability for printing or typographical errors, subject to prior sale and changes!----Who are we? Leible Nutzfahrzeuge is a family business based in Kehl am Rhein. With many years of experience in the reconditioning and sales of commercial vehicles, we are a reliable partner for customers worldwide. Leible Nutzfahrzeuge specializes in the sale of new and used commercial vehicles. Our 11,000 m² premises host a wide variety of vehicles. Our corporate philosophy is characterized by fairness and reliability. Since customer satisfaction is very important to us, we offer our customers an excellent all-round service package and provide a competent contact person to support you throughout your vehicle purchase or sale process. See for yourself! Our services for you: Vehicle Loading We are happy to assist you with loading your purchased vehicles. Organization of Special Transports We are happy to help you organize special transports. Gjdpfx Aovc Ntgeh Dsuh Temporary/Export License Plates We are happy to assist you in obtaining export or short-term license plates. Customs Documentation We are happy to assist you with customs formalities.