Hsm Hsm Press Tiskarna Papirja nakup rabljenega (12.959)

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2014, stiskalna sila: 40 t, Proizvajalec: HSM Iiodpfx Abjyibyms Asb Tip: HL 4010 Li Leto izdelave: 2014 Pritisk sile: 40 t

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2015, Proizvajalec: HSM Tip: HL 4010 Re Leto izdelave: 2015 Iiedpeyibv Isfx Ab Ajb Tlačna sila: 40 t

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2012, stiskalna sila: 40 t, Proizvajalec: HSM Tip: HL 4010 Li Leto izdelave: 2012 Tlačna sila: 40 t Iedpfx Abjx H R U Ss Asib

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Leto izdelave: 2015, Proizvajalec: HSM Iodpfx Aoyhbxcjb Aeib Tip: HL 4010 Li Leto proizvodnje: 2015 Tlačna sila: 40 t

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2015, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, stiskalna sila: 100 t, Technical data: Press force: 1,000 kN Iijdeygud Aepfx Ab Asb Specific press force: 121.2 N/cm² Drive power: 45 + 45 kW, frequency controlled Voltage/Frequency: 400 V / 50 Hz Cycle time (idle): 8.3 s Idle capacity (theoretical): 643 m³/h Capacity at 50 kg/m³ (theoretical): 32.15 t/h Feed opening width x length: 970 x 1,800 mm Bale width x height x length: 1,100 x 750 x 600–2,000 mm Maximum bale weight: 700 kg or 800 kg, depending on material The baler feed system includes the following components: - 1 fully enclosed STADLER chain conveyor with associated shaft covers - 1 support structure and maintenance platform for conveyor and hopper - 1 STADLER feeder - 1 automatic channel baler HSM VK8818 R FU (100 t) - 1 wire rack for 500 kg soft wire coils - 10 wire reel trolleys - 1 multi-control system for the baler - Full set of design documentation and maintenance history - Maintained and serviced by the manufacturer Commissioning upon request. Weight: 33,000 kg Binding type: Wire Processable materials: Plastic film, mixed paper, cardboard, hollow containers made of HDPE/LDPE, and plastic bottles The system is operational and can be inspected while running. The machine will be dismantled on 16.02. and can be inspected at our premises thereafter. Available immediately!

Stanje: Okvarjen nosilec rezervnih delov (rabljen), Leto izdelave: 2013, Manufacturer: HSM Ijdpfx Asur Ravjb Aeib Model: HL 4010 Li Year of manufacture: 2013 The equipment is incomplete and being sold as a parts unit Defects: Hydraulic pump missing Control unit missing Power supply missing

Stanje: rabljeno, Book Forming Press Kolbus FE Online video inspection possible via Skype Iiodpfx Abjtzc Iqo Ajb We would be very pleased to welcome you for an inspection – more machines in stock Available immediately – viewing possible Located in Emskirchen / Nuremberg – machine can be tested

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 1988, Pressure 400 t Column spacing 1100 mm Stroke 250 mm Stroke rate 25 - 75 /min Iijdpfx Aovuuknjb Ajb Distance table/ram, max. stroke up, adj. up 900 mm Table area 1100 x 965 mm Ejector force in table 30 t Ejector stroke in table 80 mm Ejector force in ram 3 t Ejector stroke in ram 60 / 70 mm Ram area 980 x 800 mm Lateral column opening 800 mm Ram adjustment 20 mm Drive power 80.0 + 5.5 kW Weight 47.0 t Space requirement (WxDxH) 3.5 x 3.3 x 6.0 m Weight of control cabinet 1.4 t Space requirement control cabinet (WxDxH) 4.9 x 0.5 x 2.6 m Multi-stage cold forging press with joint drive with continuously adjustable drive, hydraulic clutch-brake combination (Ortlinghaus), hydraulic overload protection in the ram, motorized ram adjustment, pneumatic counterbalance cylinder in the press frame, cam-controlled ejector in table (30 t / 80 mm), pneumatic ejector in ram (3 t, 60 mm), motorized central lubrication

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Leto izdelave: 2002, Ekstruderji in vijakove stiskalnice za predelavo soje, pridobivanje olja in sojine pogače. Na voljo sta dva ekstruderja in dve stiskalnici. En ekstruder in ena stiskalnica delujeta v tandemu ter tvorita linijo za stiskanje. Moč motorja stiskalnice je 22 kW, ekstruderja pa 55 kW. Kapaciteta ene linije je 500–800 kg/h. Cena se nanaša na eno linijo (ekstruder+stiskalnica). Ijdpfx Aetxinaob Ajib

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2011, obratovalne ure: 1.950 h, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, stiskalna sila: 48 t, dolžina bale: 1.200 mm, širina bale: 750 mm, višina bale: 1.100 mm, teža bale: 550 kg, Oprema: dokumentacija / priročnik, Automatic baler HSM VK 4812 The machine is in perfect condition. It has only 1,950 operating hours and has processed just 1,314 bales of material. The baler has been regularly serviced and has operated indoors since new. It has worked with very low-contaminant material—mainly textile offcuts. Key advantages of the machine: - Actual throughput: 6–13 t/h - Optimal continuous operation: 6–10 t/h - Very fast cycle → ideal for integration with conveyor lines - Significantly better performance than the 15–22 kW version with high material flow Technical data: Pressing force: 480 kN (approx. 48 tons) Motor power: 30 kW Connection load: approx. 32 kW Power supply: 3 × 400 V / 50 Hz Specific pressure: 58.2 N/cm² Volume throughput: up to 332 m³/h Weight throughput (practical): approx. 6 t/h (20 kg/m³) approx. 13 t/h (50 kg/m³) Theoretical max. throughput: up to 16.6 t/h at 50 kg/m³ Idle cycle time: approx. 11.2 s Iedpfx Absy Sm Sqs Asib Bale dimensions: 1100 × 750 × 600–1200 mm Bale weight: up to approx. 550 kg Press channel: 1100 × 750 mm Feed opening: approx. 1020 × 1250 mm We also have other balers in stock. Transportation costs depend on weight, volume and, most importantly, distance. For inquiries, please provide the following information: delivery address (postal code and city). Further details require a phone call, so please inquire by phone about transportation costs and alternative delivery methods. Our contact details can be found in the seller’s legal information. We sell and export worldwide. Thanks to our large warehouse capacity, we can also supply larger quantities flexibly and quickly. We issue intra-Community invoices – VAT-exempt. Opening hours: Mon-Fri: 8:00–16:00 Sat: closed

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Baler HSM V-Press 825 Plus Pressing force: 250 kN Drive power: 4 kW Cycle time: 39 s Loading height: 958 mm Loading aperture (width x height): 1195 x 530 mm Bale dimensions (length x width x height): 1200 x 780 x 700 mm Ijdpfev Akcisx Ab Ajib Bale dimensions (length x width x height): 1200 x 780 x 700 mm Machine dimensions (width x depth x height): 1700 x 1046 x 2370 mm Machine weight: 1063 kg Type of consumables: strapping tape Pressed materials: film, mixed paper, cardboard, die-cutting waste, textiles Year of manufacture: 2012–2014, price: 6,000 EUR Baler HSM V-Press 825 Pro, year: 2019–2021, price: 9,000 EUR

Stanje: skoraj kot novo (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2023, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Oprema: dokumentacija / priročnik, Model HSM HL 3521 S s svojim zelo velikim polnilnim odprtinom je optimalna naprava za stiskanje večjih količin papirja, kartona, folije in drugih embalažnih materialov posebej velikih in nerodnih dimenzij. Model HSM HL 3521 S je prav tako specialist za stiskanje zelo razteznih materialov kot so npr. pene. Stiskalnica je bila kupljena kot tovarniško nova. Redno vzdrževana. Cena novega stroja: približno 90.000 € Leto proizvodnje: 2023 Iisdpfxey H Daze Ab Aob Sila stiskanja: 320 kN Največja teža bale: 600 kg Dimenzije naprave (š x d x v): 7900 x 1660 x 2485 mm Polnilna odprtina (š x v): 800 x 2100 mm Na voljo je več kosov modela HL 3521S iz letnikov: 2011 / 2015 / 2017 / 2023

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), HSM V-Press 860 baler, year 2008-2009, price: €5,800 Pressing force: 54 kN Specific pressing force: 63.46 N/cm² Drive power: 7.5 kW Cycle time: 25 s Loading height: 1,110 mm Feeding opening (W x H): 1,195 x 650 mm Bale size (L x W x H): 1,200 x 780 x 1,200 mm Bale weight: 480 kg Machine dimensions (W x D x H): 1,797 x 1,247 x 2,985 mm Machine weight: 2,008 kg Binding material: wire Pressable materials: film, mixed paper, cardboard, die cuttings, textiles, Big Bags, EPS HSM V-Press 860 plus baler, year 2013-2015, price: €8,000 HSM V-Press 860 L baler, year 2015, price: €9,000 HSM V-Press 860 plus baler, year 2019, price: €9,000 HSM V-Press 860 plus baler, year 2024, price: €10,000 HSM V-Press 860 new, ex-display, year 2020, price: €13,000 4-fold wire bale tying Bale dimensions (L x W x H) mm: 1,200 x 800 x 1,000–1,200 Bale weight: approx. 500 kg Iiedpfx Abjra Rbgo Aeb Technical data (L x W x H): 1,213 x 1,824 x 2,987 mm Feed opening: 1,200 x 565 mm Cycle (seconds): 35 Pressing force (T): 54 Power supply: 400 V (three-phase) HSM V-Press 860 plus B baler, year 2020, price: €14,000 Pressing force: 594 kN Voltage/Frequency: 400 V / 50 Hz Power: 4 kW Feed opening (W x H): 1,500 x 651 mm Bale size (L x W x H): 1,500 x 780 x 1,200 mm Bale weight: 550 kg Loading method: manual Machine dimensions (W x D x H): 2,099 x 1,245 x 2,985 mm Machine weight: 2,336 kg Binding material: wire Pressable materials: film, cardboard Idle cycle time: 25 s

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2025, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, vhodna napetost: 380 V, vhodna frekvenca: 50 Hz, hod: 200 mm, obratovalna hitrost: 50 mm/s, hitrost vzvratne vožnje: 180 mm/s, dolžina mize: 3.200 mm, skupna dolžina: 3.915 mm, skupna širina: 1.605 mm, skupna višina: 2.655 mm, skupna masa: 8.000 kg, upogibna sila (maks.): 1.000 t, Kot upogiba (maks.): 90 °, trajanje garancije: 24 meseci, delovna višina: 450 mm, All-električni servo upogibni stroj Iedpjv Hchlofx Ab Ajib Nazivna sila (kN): 1000 Hod drsnika (mm): 200 Globina grla (mm): 360 X-osni pomik (mm): 600 R-osni pomik (mm): 200 Z-osni pomik (mm): 2500 🔹 Pametni CNC sistem – SL100-P z naprednimi algoritmi in 12-palčnim zaslonom na dotik za intuitivno upravljanje. 🔹 Visokonatančna konstrukcija – Preračunana s pomočjo metode končnih elementov (FEA), žarjena in enkratno strojno obdelana za dolgoročno stabilnost in natančnost. 🔹 4-osni inteligentni odrivnik materiala (backgauge) – Pogon z AC servomotorji, hitra pozicioniranja z avtomatskim preprečevanjem trkov. 🔹 Sistem za kompenzacijo natančnosti – Nastavljive konveksne letve in fina nastavitev za optimalno natančnost upogibanja. 🔹 Zmogljiv in vzdržljiv pogon – Visokonavorni servomotor, robustni krogelni vijaki in zaščita za dolgo življenjsko dobo. 🔹 Popolnoma zaprto povratno vodenje – Magnetno merjenje Y1/Y2, natančnost pozicioniranja ±5μm. 🔹 Optimiziran električni sistem – Zaprt električni omarica, učinkovito odvajanje toplote in urejena napeljava za zanesljivost in enostavno vzdrževanje. 🔹 Uvožene precizne komponente – Krogelni vijaki in linearna vodila zagotavljajo natančnost brez kompenzacije hoda. 🔹 Visoka natančnost, stabilnost in pametna avtomatizacija – zasnovano za profesionalno upogibanje pločevine!

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), HSM 155 VL Baler Bale dimensions L x W x H: 1100 x 700 x 700 - 950 mm Iisdpfxera Nrmj Ab Aeb Bale weight: 200 – 250 kg (cardboard) Technical specifications: L x W x H: 1470 x 940 x 2259 / 2439 mm Weight: 950 kg Pressing force: 16 tons Power supply: 400 V (three-phase) Motor power: 4 kW Bale ejector HSM 155.1 VL Baler Pressing force: 18 tons Price for HSM 155.1 VL baler – 2,600 EUR HSM 155.2 VL Baler Pressing force: 16 tons Price for HSM 155.2 VL baler – 2,800 EUR

Stanje: delavnici obnovljeno (rabljeno), dolžina bale: 1.200 mm, širina bale: 700 mm, višina bale: 800 mm, teža bale: 380 kg, Stiskalnica v idealnem stanju, po obnovi ni bila uporabljena. Servisirana izključno pri proizvajalcu. Idealno stanje. Popolnoma samodejno delovanje. Nastavljiva dolžina bale 600-1200 mm. Motor 15 kW. Leto 2007. Teža bale približno 380 kg. Iodpox S Sbdjfx Ab Aoib

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2015, obratovalne ure: 20.331 h, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, stiskalna sila: 100 t, širina odprtine za polnjenje: 970 mm, dolžina polnilne odprtine: 1.800 mm, dolžina bale: 1.200 mm, širina bale: 1.100 mm, višina bale: 750 mm, teža bale: 750 kg, skupna masa: 33.000 kg, Good day, We hereby offer, subject to prior sale, a used, complete baling line consisting of a baler from the manufacturer HSM, type VK 8818 R-FU including conveying technology and wire tying stations. The following technical data have been taken from the operating manual and manufacturer brochures. We assume no liability for the correctness or completeness of this information. Technical Data Baler: Manufacturer: HSM GmbH + Co. KG, Germany Type: VK 8818 R-FU Year of manufacture: 2015 Operating hours: 20,331 hours, as of September 2025 Number of bales pressed: 29,020 bales, as of September 2025 Main press force: 1,000 kN Specific press force: 120 N/cm² Shear-edge ejector press force: 121 kN Feed opening dimensions: 970 x 1,800 mm Theoretical cycle time in idle operation: 8.3 seconds Theoretical throughput: 643 m³/hour Bale dimensions: 1,100 x 750 mm, length variable from 600 up to 2000 mm Drive capacity: 2 x 45 kW, frequency-controlled Total connected load: 110 kW Total current consumption: 213 A Fuse protection: 250 A slow-blow Tying: 5-fold horizontal, fully automatic Throughput rates at bulk density of 20 kg/m³: 12.86 t/hour bulk density of 50 kg/m³: 32.15 t/hour Bale weight at a bale length of approx. 1.2 m: 650 to 750 kg per bale, depending on material Hydraulic oil tank volume: 2,000 L HVI 46 PLC: Siemens S7-300 Operator panel: Siemens TP 700 Dimensions (assembled): 12,130 x 4,800 x 3,270 mm (L x W x H) Installation dimensions with conveyor technology: 35,000 x 8,480 x 7,745 mm (L x W x H) Weight baler: approx. 33 t (main press approx. 12 t, press channel with bale clamp approx. 10 t) Additional special equipment ordered: Frequency-controlled main drive, 2 x 45 kW, with up to 40% energy savings compared to standard 2 x 45 kW motors at the same output Manual activation/deactivation of wire tying strands to save tying wire with non-expanding materials Shear-edge ejector with 121 kN press force Wire break/end sensor monitoring, with baler shut-off in the event of wire breakage or wire end Bale slide Optical warning signal mounted on the control cabinet Condition of the baler: The entire baling system (baler and conveyor technology) is in good, immediately operational condition and has been cleaned, lubricated, and maintained weekly by the operator in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. Technical Data Chain Belt Conveyor: Manufacturer: Stadler Anlagenbau GmbH Type: Chain belt conveyor KF 1800 Year of manufacture: 2015 Belt speed: 0.36 m/second Length of feed belt: 7,000 mm Length of ascending belt: 14,500 mm Length of goose neck: 1,550 mm Inclination: 30° Nominal width: 1,800 mm Usable width: 1,638 mm Overall conveyor height: 7,745 mm Pit dimensions for conveyor: 11,200 x 3,000 x 1,250 mm (L x W x H) Scope of delivery: - HSM VK 8818 R-FU baler Ijdpsyz Af Ejfx Ab Aoib - Service platform - Bale slide - Wire deflection stations - Wire spool trolleys (without wire spools) - Stadler KF 1800 chain belt conveyor - Crosswise sliding belt conveyor - Pit cover from the feed conveyor to the pit - Second control cabinet for baler operation at the conveyor - Machine documentation in English Delivery time: The entire plant has already been dismantled and stored, and will be ready for loading shortly after payment is received. We would be pleased if this or one of our other balers is of interest to you. Your service team, Mertens & Frowein GmbH

Stanje: delavnici obnovljeno (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 1987, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, stiskalna sila: 10 t, širina odprtine za polnjenje: 580 mm, dolžina polnilne odprtine: 900 mm, dolžina bale: 800 mm, širina bale: 500 mm, višina bale: 600 mm, teža bale: 100 kg, skupna širina: 1.000 mm, skupna višina: 1.540 mm, skupna dolžina: 4.700 mm, skupna masa: 1.200 kg, moč: 6,8 kW (9,25 KM), transportna dolžina: 4.700 mm, Oprema: dokumentacija / priročnik, varnostna svetlobna zapora, Stroj je bil pri nas obnovljen, popolnoma razstavljen. Iiedpfx Abey D Dr Se Aob Glavni valj je bil na novo zatesnjen. Nove hidravlične cevi. Novo hidravlično olje. Podoljni oljni motor. Plošče iz pleksi stekla obnovljene. Vodila valjev pritisne plošče na novo nastavljena. Trikratno vodoravno ročno vezanje. Vezanje z žico. Nastavljiva dolžina bale: 400, 600, 800, 1000 mm. Na voljo je uporabniški priročnik z elektro- in hidravlično shemo.

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2006, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Balirni stiskalnik za bale cca 400 kg. Proizvajalec: HSM Model: HL 3521 Leto proizvodnje: 2006 Stanje: dobro Stroj je po velikem servisu. Zamenjana oljna črpalka. Oljni bati so bili obnovljeni. Ijdoy A Hu Hopfx Ab Aoib Po dogovoru je možna takojšnja prodaja in odprema.

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Sila stiskanja: cca 700 kN (cca 70 ton) Moč motorja: cca 11 kW Napajanje: 3 × 400 V / 50 Hz Teža posamezne bale: do cca 600 kg Dimenzije bale: cca 1100 × 1100 × 1200 mm Dimenzije stroja: cca 5,9 m dolžina, 2,5 m širina, cca 2,6 m višina Teža stroja: cca 7 ton Cikel: cca 45–47 s Konstrukcijske značilnosti: - velik polnilni odprtina za karton - možnost avtomatskega nalaganja (npr. s transportnim trakom) - ročno vezanje z žico (4 žice) - hidravlična blokada palete in vrat za odstranitev bale Prednosti te preše: - velike bale = manj prevozov - visoka sila stiskanja - prilagojena za neprekinjeno delo Iijdpfx Abjra Dddj Aob Na voljo letniki: 2018–2020

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Leto izdelave: 2003, Balirka HSM 500.2 VL Štirikratno vezanje bale z žico Dimenzije bale: D x Š x V (mm): 1200 x 800 x 1000 - 1200 Teža bale (kg): cca 500 kg Tehnični podatki: D x Š x V (mm): 1213 x 1824 x 2987 Vhodni otvor (mm): 1200 x 565 Cikel (sek): 35 Iodpera Ak Eofx Ab Aoib Pritisk (T): 54 Napajanje (V): 400 (trifazno) Balirka HSM V-press 500.2 VL Letnik 2004-2008, cena 3500 EUR Transportna višina: 2600 mm

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2002, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Vertical baler HSM VL 600, year of manufacture 2002 Iiodpfx Absyz Sa Ss Aob Technical Data: Manufacturer: HSM Model: HSM VL 600 Year of manufacture: 2002 Pressing force: 60 t Drive power: 7.5 kW Idle cycle time: 37 s Filling height: 1130 mm Filling opening: 1150 x 735 mm Bale size: 1200 x 1100 x max. 1200 mm Bale weight: 550 kg Weight: 3575 kg Materials: Suitable for paper, cardboard, film, and car tyres The press is in good condition and has been inspected and tested. A video is available on our website or YouTube channel. Operating manual and CE declaration are available. Viewings, including powered operation, are possible by appointment at any time. Upon request, we can also conduct tests with your material for a handling fee. Please note: All technical data are based on the manufacturer's information. We accept no liability for the information provided or for any potential errors. The offer is non-binding, subject to prior sale, and may be revoked at any time. Viewings are possible by appointment. Sale is ex works, advance payment only, without warranty or guarantee.

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), mit Ständer und Gegengewicht Isdpod Hqvvjfx Ab Aeib Motorleistung 1,1 kW (900 U/min). Schleifspindel 310 x 250 mm. 2 Pressspindeln (mit Gummibelag), Durchmesser 30 mm. Maschinenabmessungen 505 x 350 x 655 mm. Gewicht 20 kg.

Stanje: rabljeno, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, In this offer, you are purchasing a used color production system "Xerox Versant 180 Press" Scope of delivery: 1 x Xerox Versant 180 Press with the following configuration: - incl. FreeFlow Server or Fiery Server - incl. Paper Deck A-CF03 - incl. Booklet Finisher A-FN13 - incl. SquareFold Unit SQF-104 Not the right configuration? Custom machine configurations are available upon request – feel free to contact us! Meter readings: - Total: approx. 267,310 pages Iisdpfoxnlbmex Ab Aob - Color: approx. 253,808 pages - Black: approx. 13,502 pages Condition: This offer concerns a used device, which may show signs of previous use (minor scratches or yellowing). - The device has been tested for functionality - A test printout is visible in the photos Packaging and Shipping: You are welcome to inspect the device during our business hours. Please arrange an appointment in advance! Seaworthy packaging and worldwide shipping available upon request! Before shipment or collection, a functionality test will be filmed for your records. For further information, please do not hesitate to contact us directly.

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2025, skupna dolžina: 1.450 mm, skupna širina: 800 mm, skupna višina: 2.200 mm, Vlastná hmotnosť: 970 kg Cena: Na zahtevo Premični stiskalni valji - Leto izdelave: 2025 - Dokumentacija na voljo: Da - CE oznaka: Da Isdjw N Su Depfx Ab Aeib - CE certifikat: Da - Delovne ure: 0 - Upravljanje: Konvencionalno - Model stiskalnice: C-okvirna stiskalnica - Tlačna sila [ton]: 100 - Največji hod [mm]: 380 - Dolžina mize [mm]: 1500 - Širina mize [mm]: 300 - Dolžina bata [mm]: 100 - Grlo [mm]: 1100 - Prilagoditev višine [mm]: 750 - Moč motorja: 3,0 kW - Transportne mere: 1450 mm x 800 mm x 2200 mm (d x š x v) - Transportna teža [kg]: 970 kg - Transportnih paketov [kos]: 1 Finančne informacije DDV: Naveden cen je brez DDV DDV/obračunavanje davka na razliko: DDV je odbiten za podjetnike Dostava in odkup možna kadarkoli za vse iz industrijskega področja Lukas van Rossum