Brusilnik Za Nože nakup rabljenega (85.906)

Stanje: novo, Grinding wheel diameter: 250 mm Connection voltage: 230 V Speed range continuously variable: 90 - 180 rpm Machine weight approx. 18 kg Dimensions (L x W x H): 470 x 300 x 440 mm Knife sharpening machine with variable speed Grinding wheel: 250 x 50 x 12 mm, grit 220 Ljdpfx Aboupxhcobohb Leather honing wheel: 200 x 30 x 12 mm

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 1985, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Maszyna do składania typu pocket-knife (składarka krzyżowa) MBO – szerokość robocza do 52 cm, rok produkcji 1985, w dobrym stanie, model K 54/4 KL. Opis techniczny: Maksymalny format: 52 x 80 cm. Podajnik wysoki z automatyczną głowicą separującą arkusze z tyłu stosu. Licznik. Lhjdpfxorrw Rke Abbsb 4 kieszenie składania. 1 nóż tnący prostopadle do kieszeni składania. Ruchomy odbiornik taśmowy na pełną szerokość roboczą maszyny – do 52 cm. Rok produkcji: 1985. Dobry stan techniczny. Możliwość obejrzenia maszyny.

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Tehnične značilnosti Uporabna višina: 100 mm 5 enot Spremenljiva hitrost podajanja: 5 do 25 m/min Podajanje obdelovanca z motorizirano navpično pritiskalno verigo 1. vretenasta rezkalna enota za profiliranje 4 tračne brusilne enote na filc oblogah, nastavljive in možnost profiliranja Sprednja podpora Nadzorna plošča Moč in motorji Napetost: 380 V Priklop: trifazni Skupne dimenzije Lhedpfjt Hb Dhjx Abbsb

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2024, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, vhodna napetost: 400 V, vrsta vhodnega toka: trifazni, Inovativni stroj za zavarivanje trakom, tipa flash butt, namijenjen za trakaste pile i bimetalne listove, u potpunosti je razvijen od strane našeg inženjerskog odjela. Jamči savršene zavare i preciznu ponovljivost procesa. Intuitivan zaslon osjetljiv na dodir proizvođača Schneider Electric omogućuje jednostavno i besprijekorno upravljanje strojem. Proces zavarivanja je u potpunosti automatiziran, uz mogućnost podešavanja električne struje u 6 stupnjeva. Stroj također pruža kontinuiranu regulaciju električne struje tijekom žarenja te pirometrijsku kontrolu tijekom cijelog procesa zavarivanja. FBM10 je izuzetno jednostavan za postavljanje i vrlo ekonomičan za održavanje. Napon napajanja: 400V Nazivna snaga transformatora pri 50% radnog ciklusa: 5 kVA Frekvencija struje: 50 Hz Stezanje lista pile: Ručna ili hidraulična stega /Opcija FBM 10.02/ Žarenje: Ručni ili automatski način sa pirometrijskom kontrolom /Opcionalno/ Lhjdsxhf Dzjpfx Abbsb Jezik izbornika: Bg / En / Mogućnost zavarivanja: - trakasti listovi pile za drvo: 6–60 mm - bimetalni trakasti listovi pila: 6–54 mm - trakasti listovi od nehrđajućeg čelika: 6–40 mm - trakasti listovi bez zuba: 6–50 mm Težina: 197 kg Dimenzije (D x Š x V): 910 x 640 x 530 mm

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Knife grinding machine for bookbinding knives. Grinding length: 1500 mm. Fitted with a new grinding head. Lodpewm Ht Refx Abbehb

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2025, največja hitrost vretena: 1.450 obr/min, moč motorja brusilnega vretena: 7.500 W, premer brusilnega koluta: 250 mm, We are a family-run machine manufacturer based in eastern Poland. All our machines are 100% manufactured at the GRAFS factory in Poland. We present to you our robust, easy-to-operate straight knife grinding machine, suitable for a wide range of industrial applications, especially for: - Various recycling knives - Chipper and cutting knives (e.g. ALBACH, JENZ, BRUKS) - Planer knives - Guillotine knives - Shredder knives - Granulator knives Ledpfx Aogwct Dsbbjhb The semi-automatic grinding machine model GRAFS SR Semi-Auto is available in various grinding lengths: 1,200 mm, 1,800 mm, 2,100 mm, 2,400 mm, 3,000 mm. When making your inquiry, please specify which grinding length you require. TECHNICAL FEATURES OF THE GRAFS SR MODEL - Handwheel for vertical infeed of the grinding motor - Automatic mechanical feed system (from 0.003 mm to 0.03 mm) - Adjustable grinding parameters during operation (infeed, number of grinding passes, spark-out) - Grinding head angle adjustable from 0–10° (for surface grinding operations) - Swivelling electromagnetic table with ±120° scale, "S" polarity, magnetic force 120 N/cm², with T-slot on the operator’s side for secure knife clamping - Interchangeable, hardened steel guides on the machine carriage – guarantee long service life - Manual positioning of the grinding head above the workpiece (drive unit lockable/unlockable by lever) - Cross movement of the carriage in the Y-axis for precise alignment to different knife angles - Quick vertical lift of the grinding motor for fast setup and easy grinding wheel change - Reversible grinding wheel rotation - Powerful 7.5 kW grinding motor, suitable for wheels Ø 175–250 mm - Specially designed, vibration-free grinding head with soft start - Quick-change system for grinding wheels: special adapter on motor shaft, allows for changing any grinding wheels (CBN, DIA, segment) with just 3 screws - Automatic external magnetic coolant separator – Model MS60 - Infinitely variable carriage speed from 1–16 m/min - Fine adjustment of carriage travel speed via potentiometer - Precision scale for displaying infeed amount or grinding head position - Precision scale for knife angle - Complete documentation: operating and maintenance instructions, electrical schematics in English / German / Czech / Spanish, including EU declaration of conformity - Machine base protected by polyurethane anti-corrosion coating with acrylic lacquer Finish: RAL 7012 or RAL 7035, carriage and sled RAL 7021 - Adjustable, vibration-damping leveling feet - LED work light in the grinding area - Compact control cabinet on the rear of the machine body - Coolant supply on both sides of the grinding wheel via two nozzles - Packaging, shipping preparation, and truck loading included in the scope of delivery FEATURES - Automatic feed via mechanical ratchet feed system - Grinding head angle adjustment 0–10° (for surface grinding) - Infinitely variable carriage/head speed 1–16 m/min - Manual positioning of the grinding head over the workpiece - Carriage movement in the Y-axis - Grinding of knives up to 360 mm height - Quick vertical lift of the grinding motor for easy setup and wheel changes

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2025, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, dolžina brušenja: 2.400 mm, skupna dolžina: 3.500 mm, širina brušenja: 180 mm, premer brusilnega koluta: 250 mm, Oprema: dokumentacija / priročnik, The GRAFS GR-2400e grinder is a machine engineered for production plants, sharpening workshops, and the woodworking, paper, and metal industries. It is ideal for sharpening guillotine knives, chipper knives, granulator blades, jointer knives, and paper guillotine blades—both HM (carbide-tipped) and HSS types. Lodpfx Aod Tc Haebbehb This is a fully modern, Polish-built design, based on top-quality components (Mitsubishi, Schneider, INA). Thanks to process automation, precise adjustments, and intuitive operation, the GR-2400e delivers high sharpening quality and user comfort—even under heavy-duty workloads. Technical specifications: • Mitsubishi Touch Screen HMI 7" operator panel; • Mitsubishi PLC, • Mitsubishi frequency inverter for variable carriage/feeding speed control, • Internet-based support system for remote GRAFS technical assistance in case of issues, • Grinding wheel motor: 11 kW (15 HP), 400-3-50 Hz; • Ø250mm aluminium-mounted corundum grinding wheel (segmented wheel available on request); • Fast wheel change system; grinding wheel adapter with three securing screws (compatible with various wheel types), • Grinding wheel rotates left/right; • Electromagnetic chuck 180x2400 mm; surface grinding area 180x2400 mm, • T-slot on the operator’s side of the magnetic chuck, • Precision-graded angular gearbox for magnetic table rotation within ±120°; • Fast wheel lowering/raising via switches and fine approach control with a hand wheel; • Automatic wheel feed (downward), PLC-controlled by Mitsubishi (0.001–0.05 mm); • Fully automatic operating cycle (roughing, sparking); • Variable carriage speed: 1–16 m/min; • Coolant delivered through two nozzles on both sides of the grinding wheel motor; • Grinding head longitudinal swivel adjustment: 0°–5° (enables flat surface grinding); • External coolant tank with integrated pump; • Magnetic coolant filter MODEL MS, • Replaceable hardened steel guideways: two on top, two on each side of the main rail, • INA guide rollers, including one with an adjustable cam, • Robust machine frame (10 mm steel plates), ribbed, welded and mechanically stress-relieved design, • Electrical cabinet with Schneider, Omron, Mitsubishi components, • Safety grinding wheel guard with magnetic safety interlock, • Operation manual and control panel menus in Polish / English / German / Czech / Spanish / French, • LED work area lighting, ON REQUEST: • Various types of knife clamps, • Coolant separator with automatic paper filter, • Main grinding motor available in 5.5 kW, 7.5 kW, and 11 kW variants, • Custom GR series grinders available with working lengths: 1200 mm, 1800 mm, 2100 mm, 2400 mm, 3000 mm, • Full bellows guarding across the machine body, • Mist collector, 100% made in Poland. We are an experienced grinding machine manufacturer with 12 years in the market. We implement sharpening systems from the ground up for our clients and share our full expertise. We supply full documentation, CE declaration, and manuals in PL/EN/DE and other languages.

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2006, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Naprodaj dvo-nožni rezalni giljotinski stroj za furnir CUTMASTER Monguzzi 2600! Tehnični podatki: Lsdpfxoumlino Abbshb - Dolžina reza: 2.600 mm - Dolžina prečnega reza: 1.477 mm - Višina reza: 100 mm - Minimalna širina traku: 20 mm - Prislon: da - Pritisna letev: pnevmatska - Pogon rezila: pnevmatski - Teža: 3.800 kg - CE oznaka - Skupna priključna moč: 10 kW

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Stehle S820 (avtomatski brusilnik za ravne rezila). Lsdsq Dzkuspfx Abbehb Prosimo, preverite tudi v vsiljeni pošti (junk mail), če v roku 24 ur po oddanem povpraševanju ne prejmete odgovora!!! Specifikacije: • Največja širina orodja: 330 mm • Premer orodja – glave za skobljanje (min-max noževne glave): 120 - 230 mm • Hitrost brusilnega kamna: 2850 / 5750 obratov/min • Možno brušenje od 2 do 12 nožev na glavo z indeksnim kolescem • Priložene indeksne plošče za brušenje 4, 6, 8, 10 in 12 nožev • Pogon brusilnega kamna: 1,3 kW • Kot odmika: 10 - 35° • Rezervoar za hladilno tekočino: 125 L • Motor črpalke za hladilno tekočino: 0,28 kW • Priključna moč, skupno: 2 kW Prosimo, preverite tudi v vsiljeni pošti (junk mail), če v roku 24 ur po oddanem povpraševanju ne prejmete odgovora!!!

Stanje: rabljeno, Brusilni stroj Stehle SMML vključuje orodja. Za dodatne informacije o opremi prosimo kontaktirajte našega svetovalca. Ljdpfxjgrmy Re Abbjhb

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2001,

Stanje: generalkompletno obnovljen (rabljeno), Complete set of debarking knives for Valonkone VK26M Consisting of: 4 pre-cutters 4 main cutters Ljdpfx Aoq A Ic Aobbehb *incl. metal box

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, nosilnost: 250 kg, Oprema: žerjav, GEDA Lift 250 Comfort se proizvaja že desetletja in je med krovci ter gradbeniki zelo priljubljen zaradi svoje zanesljivosti, saj omogoča hiter in enostaven transport tovora na želeno delovno višino. Lhjdpfxoxvyags Abbob

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), The machine was used for washing fruit and olives and is in good condition. Lhodevtf T Depfx Abbob

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 1996, Used capper, previously part of a bottling line for carbonated drinks and water. Fully functional and in good condition. Lsdpfx Abovtpt Isbshb

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2020, Machine used in a fish processing plant, previously used for washing squid. In very good condition, like new. Ledpfx Absv T Rllsbohb

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 1998, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, The machine can fill still beverages such as water, juice, and wine, and it is also capable of filling carbonated drinks. The machine is isobaric. Lsdpfx Aovtgaxjbbohb

Stanje: skoraj kot novo (rabljeno), Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2025, številka stroja/vozila: PB12093N2025005, premer gredi: 155 mm, lastna masa: 450 kg, Oprema: dokumentacija / priročnik, Neuporabljeni profilni upogibni stroj, letnik 2025! Lodpfxsx Tp N Us Abbehb TEHNIČNI PODATKI Premer osi: 50 mm Premer valja: 155 mm Zmogljivost okroglega premera: 50 mm Obrati osi: 11 obr/min Število valjev: 3 kos PODROBNOSTI STROJA Upravljanje: konvencionalno Moč: 1,5 kW Dimenzije & Teža Mere (D x Š x V): 1.200 x 800 x 1.800 mm Lastna teža: 450 kg Transportni paketi: 1 kos Delovne ure: 0 OPREMA Dokumentacija CE oznaka CE certifikat

Stanje: skoraj kot novo (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2025, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, številka stroja/vozila: HB10011N2025006, širina mize: 550 mm, dolžina mize: 300 mm, hod: 180 mm, stiskalna sila: 28 t, lastna masa: 800 kg, Neuporabljeni stroj za upogibanje trakov, letnik 2025! TEHNIČNI PODATKI Moč: 28 t Maks. hod: 180 mm Širina mize: 550 mm Dolžina mize: 300 mm PODROBNOSTI STROJA Ljdjx Tp E Ajpfx Abbohb Moč motorja: 4,0 kW Dimenzije in teža Dimenzije (D x Š x V): 1.300 x 800 x 1.400 mm Lastna teža: 800 kg Transportni paketi: 1 kos Obratovalne ure: 0 OPREMA Dokumentacija CE oznaka CE certifikat

Leto izdelave: 2009, obratovalne ure: 5.387 h, Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, skupna masa: 12.000 kg, skupna dolžina: 15.000 mm, največja hitrost vrtenja: 24.000 obr/min, delovna dolžina: 7.500 mm, Functions: Sawing, notching, milling, drilling, thread cutting, shifting processing TECHNICAL DETAILS Number of controlled NC axes: 14 Processing length: 7,500 mm Max. traverse speed X / Y / Z: 60 / 60 / 30 m/min A-axis rotation: ±110°, continuous C-axis rotation: ±220°, continuous Tool holder: HSK-63F Tool dimensions milling cutter / drill (max. d/l): Ø 50 mm / 200 mm Tool dimensions disc cutter (max. d): Ø 500 mm Speed range: 1 - 24,000 rpm Lhedpfox U Thksx Abbjb Milling motor power: 16 kW Number of positions in the tool magazine: 16 Number of special tool positions: 2 Automatic positioning of clamping fixtures: Yes Number of clamping fixtures: 8 Profile systems with quick-change system: Yes Processing features Max. cross-section W x H / length for single bar processing: 400 x 300 / 7,500 mm Min. cross-section W x H / length for single bar processing: 30 x 30 / 300 mm Motion: Tool Max. number of profiles per machine setup: Up to 8 profiles (depending on individual bar length) Number of profile fixed stops: 2 Shifting of clamping fixtures during 2 processing steps: Automatic Steel processing (up to 5 mm wall thickness): Yes Electronics / Software Equipment Machine PC processor: Yes Operator panel with display and keyboard: 19" touch TFT color display Machine operation based on Windows® with menu navigation: Yes Self-programming without NC/CNC knowledge: Yes Schüco CAM installable on office PC (processing visualization): Yes MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions: 15 x 4 x 5.5 m Weight: 12 t On-time: 20,616 h Spindle hours: 5,387 h

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2010, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, višina obdelovanca (maks.): 60 mm, največja debelina roba: 20 mm, širina obdelovanca (maks.): 60 mm, The machine has been serviced and is in excellent condition. It is immediately ready for operation! TECHNICAL DETAILS Edging thickness (glued): max. 20 mm Maximum glue height: 60 mm Maximum roll material thickness: 3 mm Workpiece width: min. 60 mm Maximum feed speed: up to 25 m/min Feed: continuous Electric height adjustment: available Pressure: top belt pressure Pre-heating zone: available Granulate glue application system: with pre-fabricated container Glue pot: changeable/variable Spray unit: available Pre-milling unit: available Trimming group: with 2 motors Milling stations: flush/radial/chamfer, 1 available Corner copying unit: with 2 motors Edge scraper: profile and planer Polishing unit: available Strip magazine: available Units: synchronized units with NC axis/axes Machine version: left side Quick-change units: available MACHINE DETAILS Remote control: PowerControl PC 22 Weight: 5,000 kg Machine length: 7,845 mm Lhjdpfjx Tqgbsx Abbob Standards: CE regulations EQUIPMENT - Special feature: with nesting capability - new chains - HOMAG feed system with 2 rollers - HOMAG A 20 glue application unit - HOMAG HL 84 - HOMAG FK 11 - HOMAG profile scraping cutter PN 10 - HOMAG FA 11 finishing unit

Stanje: generalkompletno obnovljen (rabljeno), Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, premer brusilnega koluta: 100 mm, hitrost vretena za brušenje: 7.500 obr/min, premer brušenja: 160 mm, odprtina brusnega koluta: 20 mm, Dražba kombinacije strojev Christen AU-150 in Haller UFS-155! Christen AU-150 TEHNIČNI PODATKI Območje brušenja, premer: 1–160 mm Dolžinsko gibanje brušenja: 150 mm Dolžinska nastavitev: 160 mm Prečno gibanje brušenja: 35 mm Prečna nastavitev: 180 mm Višinska nastavitev brusilne glave: 110 mm Konkavni radij: maks. 65 mm Konveksni radij: maks. 20 mm Vpenjalo vretena obdelovanca: ISO 40 Delitve: do 38 Premer brusilnega koluta: maks. 100 mm Luknja brusilnega koluta: 20 mm Ledpfx Aeya Aw Robbohb Brusilni motor: 0,75 kW Hitrost vretena (orodje): 3.700 / 4.900 / 6.075 / 7.500 obr/min OPREMA Vpenjalna sredstva Brusilni koluti Uporabniška dokumentacija

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Leto izdelave: 2020, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, številka stroja/vozila: NTX26200913, stružna dolžina: 1.530 mm, premer struženja: 670 mm, največja hitrost vretena: 12.000 obr/min, potovalna razdalja osi X: 675 mm, pomik osi Y: 300 mm, pomik po osi Z: 40 mm, največja hitrost vrtenja: 4.000 obr/min, število mest v zalogovniku orodij: 76, Simultaneous 5-axis machining with direct drive (DDM) in the B-axis HIGHLIGHTS Milling spindle: compactMASTER with a shortest installation length of 350 mm Machining option: Complete 6-sided machining thanks to a high-performance counter spindle TECHNICAL DETAILS X1-axis travel: 675 mm (+550 / -125 mm) Lhodpfx Aeyap Shebbsb Y1-axis travel: 300 mm (+/-150 mm) Y2-axis travel: +/-40 mm Machining area Maximum machining envelope: Ø 670 mm x 1,530 mm Control system Control type: FANUC F31iB5 with CELOS Operation: CELOS - ERGOline Touch Spindle Main spindle: Standard spindle Ø 91 mm, 4,000 rpm Counter spindle: Standard spindle Ø 91 mm, 4,000 rpm Chuck Main spindle chuck: Hollow chuck 10", Ø 254 mm Counter spindle chuck: KITAGAWA 10" hollow chuck BB210A821 Protection: Double foot switch with safety cover for main and counter spindle Travel control: Automatic stroke control of the clamping cylinder for main and counter spindle Turn-mill Spindle Spindle (B-axis): Standard speed 12,000 rpm (FANUC) Tool interface: Capto C6 Positioning: B-axis with 0.0001° accuracy for 5-axis machining Tool turret Type: Turret 2 with tailstock function Equipment: 10-station turret for bolt-on tool holders Milling performance: 6,000 rpm, 40 Nm (Turret 2, FANUC) Tool magazine Capacity: 76 tools Tool interface: CAPTO C6 Measuring & Monitoring Tool presetting: Manual tool presetter for main and counter spindle, removable (standard) Position measuring system: Direct measurement system in the X, Y, and Z axes of the turn-mill spindle Sensor system: Spindle sensor measuring system with wireless signal transmission, Renishaw RMP600 Automation Signal lamp: 4-color (red, yellow, green, blue) Interface: For bar feeder (LNS, IRCO, IEMCA, Edge Technologies, multi) MACHINE DETAILS Machine dimensions (L x W): 5,825 x 2,830 mm Coolant & Chip Disposal Chip conveyor: Right discharge, hinge-type belt + drum filter Coolant: Use of water-soluble coolant (emulsion) Pressure: High-pressure coolant system, 70 bar Coolant supply: Through the spindle for tool spindle and lower turret Filtration unit: Knoll/Interlit Compressed air system Blow-off system: For chucks on main and counter spindle Oil mist system Oil mist separator: Extraction port Ø 200 mm, AFS 1600 Filter & Cooling System Filtration unit: INTERLIT TMF300/980 compact filtration unit, 70 bar Additional pressure: 15 bar for turret II with lift pump (FANUC/MITSUBISHI) Cooler: INTERLIT auxiliary cooler, 15 kW

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Leto izdelave: 2020, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, številka stroja/vozila: 89N1160, največja širina rezanja: 800 mm, globina vstavljanja: 800 mm, skupna masa: 900 kg, hitrost vzvratne vožnje: 70 mm/s, TEHNIČNE PODROBNOSTI Širina reza: 800 mm Globina podajanja: 800 mm Največja višina obdelovanca: 100 mm Tlak stiskanja: 180–2.700 daN Ostanki reza brez zaščitne plošče: 15 mm Ostanki reza z zaščitno ploščo: 50 mm Povratna hitrost: 70 mm/s PODROBNOSTI STROJA Priključna moč: 4,0 kVA Napajanje: 400 V, 50 Hz, 2,6 A Upravljanje: 18,5" zaslon na dotik Programski pomnilnik: 1.998 opravil Skupno število rezov: 24.551 Teža: 900 kg Miza: nerjaveče jeklo z zračno podporo Lhjdpfx Ajycr Ikjbbsb OPREMA 1× montiran POLAR 78 1× nov POLAR 78 SKH-2, 960×110×11,7 mm Vizualizacija procesa Hidravlično nihajno poševno rezanje LED indikator linije reza Zračno podprt delovni pult Robustno ohišje stroja Izjemno hitra menjava rezila s POLAR OptiKnife novo rezervno rezilo

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2025, težka konstrukcija z litoželezno mizo nežni premiki z ročico in ročnim kolesom ekcentrična vpenjalna naprava nastavek za vrtanje moznika z rasterji 16-22-25-32 mm 2 hitrosti 1500/3000 obr/min WESCOTT vrtalna glava 1 - 16 mm CE Dimenzije delovne mize: 287 x 550 mm Vzdolžni hod: 200 mm Vertikalni hod: 160 mm Prečni hod: 125 mm Moč trifaznega motorja: 1,8 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz Ljdpfoycg U Ejx Abbshb