Boluk Bm 1270X90 2,5Mm Stroj Za Okroglo Upogibanje Pločevine S 3 Valji nakup rabljenega (131.547)

Stanje: rabljeno, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2001, Hidravlični valjar za krivljenje znamke SERTOM, model EMO 30-25. Cedpfeza U Hdex Ai Sjrf Leto: 2001 Rabljeni stroj.

Leto izdelave: 1987, stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Na voljo je trivaljna krivilna stiskalnica za pločevino Kramer. Delovna širina: 2000 mm, največja debelina pločevine: 3 mm, moč: 3 kW. Možen je ogled na lokaciji. Codpfxsyttv Rj Ai Ssrf

Stanje: novo, Cesurbend 3-Roll Plate Bending Machine MRS 1250 x 140 Technical Specifications: Special equipment included in the price: hardened rolls motorized rear roll adjustment digital display Sheet width: 1250 mm Sheet thickness: max. 5.5 mm Pre-bending thickness: 5.0 mm Roll length: 1250 mm Roll diameter: 140 mm Weight: 1150 kg Dimensions (L x W x H): 2020 x 900 x 1200 mm Motor: 2.2 kW Crodeh Timpjpfx Ai Sjf Equipment: Top and bottom rolls electrically driven Swiveling top roll Cone bending device Asymmetrical roll arrangement Self-braking main motor Separate control and operating panel Safety wire CE mark

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 1993, Maks. dolžina upogibanja: 3240 mm Maks. debelina pločevine: 2 mm jeklo Možna ročna in avtomatska izvedba upogibanja Kot upogiba nastavljiv preko potenciometra Višina dviga zgornje preklade in debelina materiala predizbirna preko DIP stikal Credpfx Aoyhqhtsi Sof Upogibna letva in stroj v vrhunskem stanju Teža: ca. 3000 kg

Leto izdelave: 1986, stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Working width: 1250 mm, max. sheet thickness: 3 mm, equipped with loading table, vacuum lifter, feed table with rollers, ejector, output table, control console and manual. Inspection is possible. Available from March 2024. Credpfsq A Un Sjx Ai Ssf

Leto izdelave: 1981, stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Working width: 2500 mm, max. sheet thickness: 20 mm, lateral cylinder support device with three adjustable support rollers and conical bending device, machine designed for interchangeable top rolls down to min. Ø 450 mm, machine overhauled in 2009, factory inspection in 2012. Crodponvfdbofx Ai Sjf

Leto izdelave: 1990, stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Working width: 3000 mm, max. sheet thickness: 120 mm, with optical display of roll adjustment, central lubrication, cone bending device, trailing brake, and interchangeable top rolls Ø820 mm and Ø740 mm. Credpfonvfdfex Ai Sjf

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, Hydraulically operated three-roll plate bending machine Manufacturer: FACCIN, Model: 3HEP 2021 Technical Specifications: Number of rolls: Three Geometry of side rolls: Linear guides Working width: 2,000 mm Top roll diameter: 215 mm Side roll diameter: 195 mm Guaranteed installed power: 7.2 kW Crsdjcuxp Tspfx Ai Ssf Guaranteed maximum rotation speed: 5 m/min Guaranteed machine weight: 3,000 kg Length: 3,700 mm Width: 1,000 mm Height: 1,100 mm Guaranteed Performance: for material with yield strength 260 N/mm² Rolling capacity (full working width): 13 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 9 mm from tube diameter: 1,075 mm Rolling capacity (full working width): 9 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 7 mm from tube diameter: 280 mm Standard Features: Double linear guide system for roll movement Extra-wide bearing blocks MCS double bearing system for roll rotation movement Extra heavy-duty, double-pinned swing arm bearing Hardened rolls for high wear resistance Hydraulic parallelism system for side rolls Digital readout for side roll positions Cone bending device Control via swiveling operator panel Safety pull-cord with emergency stop and CE certification Mobile control console

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, Hydraulic Two-Roller Plate Bending Machine Cedpfx Aioc S N Ris Sjrf Guaranteed Performance: Sheet thickness for bending (material 260 N/mm² yield strength): 2 mm Sheet thickness for bending (AISI 304-316 stainless steel): 1.5 mm Cycle time per part: 15 seconds Technical Data: Working length: 1000 mm Installed power: 5.5 kW Rolling speed: 7 m/min Available immediately ex works!

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, Mechanical Asymmetric Three-Roll Plate Bending Machine with Pre-bending Manufacturer: FACCIN, Model: ASI 2015 Guaranteed Performance: Plate thickness for rolling at 750 mm diameter: 5 mm Plate thickness for pre-bending at 750 mm diameter: 4 mm Plate thickness for rolling at 195 mm diameter: 4 mm Plate thickness for pre-bending at 195 mm diameter: 3 mm Performance data based on steel with a yield strength of 240 N/mm² and a tensile strength of 370 N/mm² Technical Data: Working length: 2,000 mm Top roll diameter: 150 mm Lower roll diameter: 150 mm Side roll diameter: 150 mm Installed power: 4.3 kW Rolling speed: 4 m/min Length: 3,300 mm Width: 750 mm Height: 1,200 mm Weight: 2,136 kg Standard Equipment: All rolls are forged and induction-hardened Both central rolls are driven Safety control ensuring immediate stop of all machine movements Codpfx Aecuxpqoi Sorf Machine frame stands on a welded base frame. Optimal stability and reliability of the machine are thus ensured. Optimal force transmission into the machine frame via long guides during straight adjustment movement of the bending rolls. (No arc-shaped adjustment movement, therefore no torsional forces in the frame) Digital display for positioning of the adjustable roll Motorized adjustment of the adjustable roll Cone bending device with hardened stop block Emergency stop pull cord running around the machine Machine with CE certification and German documentation

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, Three-roll plate bending machine with variable axes Codpfxoc S N Nqe Ai Sorf Manufacturer: FACCIN, Model HAV/S 3145 Technical specifications: Number of rolls: Three Side roll geometry: variable Working width: 3000 mm Top roll diameter: 450 mm Variable three-roll plate bending machine

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, FACCIN 4HEP S54 Four-Roller Plate Bending Machine Electronically controlled, electric drive, four-roller plate bending machine Technical Specifications: Number of rollers: Four Side roller geometry: Lever-arm guided Working width: 3,000 mm Top roller diameter: 300 mm Bottom roller diameter: 280 mm Side roller diameter: 200 mm Guaranteed installed power: 10.8 kW Crsdpfx Ajiivgrji Sef Guaranteed maximum rolling speed: 5 m/min Guaranteed machine weight: 10,000 kg Length: 5,500 mm Width: 1,400 mm Height: 1,600 mm Guaranteed Performance: For material with yield strength of 260 N/mm² Rolling capacity (full working width): 18 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 12 mm From pipe diameter: 1,500 mm Rolling capacity (full working width): 12 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 10 mm From pipe diameter: 450 mm Standard Equipment: Electric drive for the top roller Lever-arm adjustment of the side rollers Extra heavy-duty, double-pinned drop-end bearing Electronic Parallelism System (EPS) Hardened rollers for high wear resistance Cone bending device Mobile control panel 3 digital readouts for side and lower roller positions Safety cable with emergency stop and CE certification

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, Max. rolling capacity (cold forming): mm 32 Max. bending capacity (cold forming): mm 24 For pipe diameter: mm 2050 For material with yield strength: N/mm² 260 Usable length: mm 3050 Number of rollers: four Top roller diameter: mm 410 Bottom roller diameter: mm 390 Driven rollers: two Rotation speed: 5 m/min Rolling speed: hydraulic Installed power: 30 HP Cjdpfxef T Rzfo Ai Ssrf Voltage: 400V, 50Hz, 3Ph Includes: - Hardened & polished rollers - Cone bending device - Electronic roller parallelism - Siemens PLC control - CE marking with corresponding drive brake - Mobile control panel

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, premer spodnjega valja: 310 mm, premer zgornjega valja: 320 mm, premer valja: 310 mm, dolžina valja: 1.550 mm, delovna širina: 1.500 mm, najv. debelina jeklene pločevine: 38 mm, skupna masa: 12.500 kg, skupna dolžina: 4.500 mm, skupna širina: 2.300 mm, skupna višina: 1.740 mm, moč: 18,39 kW (25,00 KM), delovna dolžina: 1.500 mm, Oprema: dokumentacija / priročnik, nujno zaustavitev, FACCIN HAV 15342 Variable 3-Roller Plate Bending Machine Electronically controlled, hydraulic 3-roller plate bending machine Technical Data: Number of rollers: three Side roller geometry: variable Working width: 1,550 mm Top roller diameter: 320 mm Side roller diameter: 310 mm Pressing force against top roller: 160 tons Working pressure at rated capacity: 250 bar Guaranteed installed power: 18 kW (25 HP) Guaranteed max. rotation speed: 3.5–7 m/min Guaranteed machine weight: 12,500 kg Length: 4,500 mm Width: 2,300 mm Height: 1,700 mm Guaranteed Performance: for material with yield strength 260 N/mm² Rolling capacity (full working width): 38 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 20 mm from pipe diameter: 1,600 mm Rolling capacity (full working width): 30 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 17 mm from pipe diameter: 415 mm Standard Equipment: Variable geometry with linear guides for roller movement Extra-long swing arm bearing for increased frame stability Electronic Parallelism System EPS Hardened rollers for high wear resistance All rollers ground after heat treatment Siemens S7-HMI PLC control PGS-CLASSIC control with Siemens touch panel Codot Akt Rjpfx Ai Ssrf High-tech hydraulics and electrics package Simultaneous rotation and roller movement Safety emergency cable with emergency stop and CE certification Centralized lubrication Water cooling for the hydraulics Cone bending device Prepared for retrofitting supports and roller conveyors FACCIN Advantage Package AP

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, vrsta upravljanja: CNC krmiljenje, stopnja avtomatizacije: samodejen, vrsta aktuacije: električni, proizvajalec krmilnikov: Siemens, premer spodnjega valja: 160 mm, premer zgornjega valja: 175 mm, premer stranskega valja: 135 mm, dolžina valja: 1.550 mm, delovna širina: 1.500 mm, najv. debelina pločevine: 7 mm, moč: 4,4 kW (5,98 KM), vhodna napetost: 400 V, vhodna frekvenca: 50 Hz, trajanje garancije: 12 meseci, Oprema: centralizirani mazalni sistem, dokumentacija / priročnik, kaljeni valji, naprava za krivljenje stožcev, zavrtljivi zgornji valj, Electronically Controlled, Electrohydraulic Four-Roll Plate Bending Machine Manufacturer: FACCIN, Model: 4 EDL 1617 Technical Specifications: Number of rolls: Four Side roll geometry: Linear guides Working width: 1500 mm Top roll diameter: 175 mm Bottom roll diameter: 160 mm Side roll diameter: 135 mm Press force against top roll: 80 tons Guaranteed installed power: 4.4 kW (6 HP) Guaranteed maximum rotation speed: 0–10 m/min Guaranteed machine weight: 3,150 kg Length: 3,300 mm Width: 1,170 mm Height: 1,100 mm Guaranteed Performance: With material yield strength 260 N/mm² Rolling capacity (full width): 7 mm Prebending capacity (full width): 6 mm From pipe diameter: 875 mm Rolling capacity (full width): 5 mm Prebending capacity (full width): 5 mm From pipe diameter: 225 mm Standard Equipment: Crjdowwt Ddopfx Ai Sof Double linear guide system for roll movement Extra wide bearing blocks MCS double bearing system for roll rotation Extra heavy-duty, double-supported swing arm bearing Electronic Parallelism System EPS Hardened rolls for high wear resistance All rolls ground after heat treatment Siemens PLC control Electric drive for top roll to increase efficiency Safety emergency stop rope and CE certification Centralized lubrication Cone bending device Optional equipment included: CNC control PGS-ABSOLUTE

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, premer valja: 200 mm, dolžina valja: 2.000 mm, delovna širina: 2.000 mm, najv. debelina jeklene pločevine: 8 mm, vrsta vhodnega toka: trifazni, delovna dolžina: 2.000 mm, Hydraulically Operated Four-Roller Plate Bending Machine Manufacturer: BIKO, Model B4 2020 Technical Data: Number of rollers: Four Side roller geometry: Linear guides Working width: 2,000 mm Top roller diameter: 200 mm Bottom roller diameter: 180 mm Side roller diameter: 160 mm Rated installed power: 5.4 kW Guaranteed maximum rotation speed: 5 m/min Guaranteed machine weight: 3,950 kg Length: 3,200 mm Width: 1,000 mm Height: 1,100 mm Guaranteed Bending Performance: For material with yield strength of 260 N/mm² Rolling capacity (full working width): 8 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 6 mm From tube diameter: 1,000 mm Cjdpfxjd Iclre Ai Sjrf Rolling capacity (full working width): 5 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 4 mm From tube diameter: 265 mm Standard Features: Linear guide system for roller movement Extra wide bearing blocks Needle bearings for roller rotation Extra heavy-duty, double-supported drop end bearing Hardened rollers for high wear resistance Hydraulic parallelism system for side rollers Digital display for side roller and lower roller positioning Cone bending device Control via swivel-mounted operator panel Safety trip wire with emergency stop and CE certification

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, TECHNICAL DATA: Number of rollers FOUR Geometry Linear guides Maximum sheet width mm 3000 Top roller diameter mm 390 Bottom roller diameter mm 370 Side roller diameter mm 295 Installed power HP 40 Infinitely variable rotational speed m/min 4-8 Crodogd T R Djpfx Ai Sef Machine weight (guaranteed) Kg 19,000 Guaranteed performance with material yield strength 260 N/mm² Rolling capacity (full working width) Ø 1950 mm 25 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width) Ø 1950 mm 20 mm Rolling capacity (full working width) Ø 507 mm 18 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width) Ø 507 mm 16 mm • Hardened and polished rollers • Siemens NC control • Cone bending device with electronic tilting adjustment

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, FACCIN HAV 3293 Plate Width: 3200 mm Top Roll Diameter: 930 mm Side Roll Diameter: 800 mm Machine Weight: 150 tons Codeiivg Sepfx Ai Sjrf Rolling Capacity (Y:260 MPa/Ø 4650 mm): 3200 mm x 155 mm Pre-bending Capacity (Y:260 MPa/Ø 4650 mm): 3200 mm x 115 mm

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, FACCIN 4HEP 3135 Four-Roll Plate Bending Machine Electronically controlled, hydraulic four-roll plate bending machine Technical Specifications: Number of rolls: Four Side rolls geometry: Lever arm guidance Working width: 3,000 mm Top roll diameter: 350 mm Bottom roll diameter: 330 mm Side roll diameter: 250 mm Installed power (guaranteed): 14.4 kW Maximum rotation speed (guaranteed): 5 m/min Machine weight (guaranteed): 13,000 kg Length: 5,700 mm Width: 1,800 mm Height: 2,100 mm Guaranteed Performance Data: For material with yield strength 260 N/mm² Rolling capacity (full working width): 20 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 15 mm Minimum rollable diameter: from 1,750 mm Rolling capacity (full working width): 14 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 12 mm Minimum rollable diameter: from 455 mm Standard Equipment: Lever arm movement of side rolls Extra heavy, double-supported drop end bearing Electronic Parallelism System (EPS) Hardened rolls for high wear resistance Cone bending device Mobile control panel 3 digital position indicators for side rolls and bottom roll Safety trip wire with emergency stop and CE certification Crodpoiivc Defx Ai Sef

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, FACCIN 4HEP 3163 Four-Roll Plate Bending Machine Electronically controlled, hydraulic four-roll plate bending machine Technical Data: Number of rolls: Four Side roll geometry: Swinging lever guide Working width: 3,000 mm Top roll diameter: 630 mm Bottom roll diameter: 570 mm Side roll diameter: 500 mm Guaranteed installed power: 72 kW Guaranteed maximum rotation speed: 5 m/min Guaranteed machine weight: 58,000 kg Length: 6,800 mm Width: 3,600 mm Height: 3,550 mm Guaranteed Performance: for material yield strength of 260 N/mm² Rolling capacity (full working width): 70 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 60 mm from tube diameter: 3,150 mm Rolling capacity (full working width): 55 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 50 mm from tube diameter: 820 mm Standard Equipment: Swinging lever adjustment of the side rolls Extra heavy-duty, double-supported drop end bearing Electronic parallelism system (EPS) Hardened rolls for high wear resistance Crjdpfx Ajiivfqsi Sjf Cone bending device Mobile control panel 3 digital position indicators for the side rolls and bottom roll Safety trip wire with emergency stop and CE certification

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, Electronically controlled, hydraulic four-roll plate bending machine Manufacturer: FACCIN, Model 4 HEL/S 2122 Technical specifications: Number of rolls: Four Side roll geometry: Linear guides Working width: 2000 mm Top roll diameter: 225 mm Bottom roll diameter: 215 mm Side roll diameter: 165 mm Pressing force against top roll: 100 tons Guaranteed installed power: 9.2 kW (12.5 HP) Guaranteed max. rotation speed: 4–8 m/min Guaranteed machine weight: 4,450 kg Length: 3,500 mm Width: 1,200 mm Height: 1,100 mm Guaranteed performance: With material yield strength of 260 N/mm² Rolling capacity (full working width): 11 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 8 mm From pipe diameter: 1,100 mm Rolling capacity (full working width): 8 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 6 mm From pipe diameter: 286 mm Standard equipment: Double linear guide system for roll movement Extra-wide bearing blocks MCS double bearing system for roll rotation Extra heavy-duty swing arm bearing, double mounted Electronic parallelism system EPS Hardened rolls for high wear protection All rolls ground after heat treatment Siemens S7 PLC control PGS-CLASSIC control with Siemens touch panel High-tech hydraulic and electrical package Safety tripwire with emergency stop and CE certification Centralized lubrication Cone bending device Codpsd Eqg Hefx Ai Sorf Optional equipment included: CNC control PGS-ABSOLUTE

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, FACCIN HAV 3162 Variable 3-Roll Plate Bending Machine Electronically controlled, hydraulic 3-roll plate bending machine Technical Data: Number of rolls: Three Side roll geometry: Variable Working width: 3,050 mm Top roll diameter: 620 mm Side roll diameter: 550 mm Pressing force against top roll: 630 tonnes Working pressure at rated force: 250 bar Guaranteed installed power: 55 kW (75 HP) Guaranteed maximum rotation speed: 3.5-7 m/min Guaranteed machine weight: 45,000 kg Length: 7,600 mm Width: 3,700 mm Height: 3,100 mm Guaranteed Performance: For material with yield strength 260 N/mm² Rolling capacity (full width): 75 mm Pre-bending capacity (full width): 48 mm From pipe diameter: 3,100 mm Rolling capacity (full width): 55 mm Pre-bending capacity (full width): 40 mm From pipe diameter: 805 mm Standard Equipment: Variable geometry with linear guides for roll movement Extra-long drop-end bearing for increased frame stability Crsdpfxsiivgyo Ai Ssf Electronic Parallelism System (EPS) Hardened rolls for high wear resistance All rolls ground after heat treatment Siemens S7-HMI PLC control PGS-CLASSIC control with Siemens touch panel Hi-tech hydraulic and electrical package Simultaneous rotation and roll movement Safety pull cord with emergency stop and CE certification Centralised lubrication Water cooling for hydraulic system Cone bending device Prepared for retrofit of supports and roller tables FACCIN Advantage Package AP

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, 4 HEL 3128 Four-roll Plate Rolling Machine Electronically controlled, hydraulic four-roll plate rolling machine Manufacturer: FACCIN, Model 4 HEL 3128 Technical data: Cjdpfxoiink Se Ai Sjrf Number of rolls: Four Side rolls geometry: Linear guides Working width: 3050 mm Top roll diameter: 285 mm Bottom roll diameter: 275 mm Side roll diameter: 205 mm Certified roll hardness: 950-1050 N/mm² Pressing force against top roll: 150 tons Working pressure at maximum force: 190 bar Guaranteed installed power: 11 kW (15 HP) Guaranteed maximum rolling speed: 4-8 m/min Guaranteed machine weight: 9,000 kg Length: 5,450 mm Width: 1,520 mm Height: 1,450 mm Guaranteed capacities: With material yield strength 260 N/mm² Rolling capacity (full working width): 12 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 8 mm from pipe diameter 1,425 mm Rolling capacity (full working width): 8 mm Pre-bending capacity (full working width): 6.5 mm from pipe diameter 370 mm Standard equipment: Double linear guide system for roll movement Extremely wide bearing blocks MCS double bearing system for roll rotation Extra heavy-duty, double end-stopped swing bearing Electronic parallelism system EPS Hardened rolls for high wear protection All rolls ground after heat treatment Siemens S7 PLC control PGS-CLASSIC control with Siemens touch panel High-tech hydraulic and electrical package Safety tripwire with emergency stop and CE certification Central lubrication Cone bending device FACCIN AP package CNC control PGS-ULTRA

Stanje: novo, Ostas 3-Roller Plate Rolling Machine ORM 1070 x 130 Crsdpoiu Hpfjfx Ai Sof Special features included in the price: - Hardened rollers - Motorized rear roller adjustment - Digital display - Sheet width: 1070 mm - Maximum sheet thickness: 5.5 mm - Pre-bending thickness: 5.0 mm - Roller length: 1070 mm - Roller diameter: 130 mm - Weight: 1150 kg - Dimensions (LxWxH): 2250 x 800 x 1100 mm - Motor: 2.2 kW Equipment: - Electrically driven upper and lower rollers - Swing-out upper roller - Cone bending device - Asymmetric roller arrangement - Self-braking main motor - Separate control and operating panel - Safety trip wire - CE mark Values apply for St-37 / 240 N/mm²

Stanje: novo, Ostas 3-Roller Plate Rolling Machine SMR-S 1570 x 170 Technical Specifications: Special equipment included in the price: - Motorized adjustment of the lower rolls - Hardened rolls - Motorized rear roll adjustment - 2 x digital readouts - Sheet width 1570 mm - Maximum sheet thickness 8.0 mm - Pre-bending sheet thickness 7.0 mm - Roll length 1570 mm - Minimum bending diameter 255 mm - Roll diameter 170 mm - Weight 1960 kg - Dimensions (L x W x H): 3200 x 920 x 1260 mm - Motor 5.5 kW Features: Crodpjiw D Smsfx Ai Sef - Electrically driven top and bottom rolls - Swiveling top roll - Conical bending device - Asymmetrical roll arrangement - Self-braking main motor - Separate control and operating panel - Safety line, CE mark - Values apply to St-37 / 240 N/mm²