Kk-Industries Profileinrollmaschine Sahinler Hpk-60 nakup rabljenega (43.819)

Stanje: novo, Pressure: 65 Bending length: 2550 mm Frame width: 2550 mm Installation height: 590 mm Nodpfx Asd Etfxeh Uewg Stroke length (max.): 300 mm Dimensions (LxWxH): 3680 x 1960 x 2500 mm Approx. weight: 5,500 kg Motor power: 11 kW CNC Servo-Electric Press Brake KKI Model REVOLUTION DDM-6525 Servo-motorized Press Brake REVOLUTION Servo-electric press brakes contain no hydraulic systems and, thanks to their flexibility and reliability, represent the technology of tomorrow. The higher speed and precision of this new generation of machines provide you with greater efficiency, ergonomic advantages, and environmentally friendly production technology. As the first manufacturer of servo-electric press brakes with a variety of models and tonnages, Dener is a pioneer of this technology, with extensive experience and quality. Standard Equipment: KK-Industries is the exclusive representative of the DENER group. We have developed a premium model specifically for the European market. The CNC Servo-Electric Press Brake by KK-Industries, made by DENER: Technological Advantages: Model REVOLUTION DDM The CNC Servo-Electric Press Brake stands out for its high precision, accuracy, and versatile application possibilities. - 100% electric, 0% hydraulic oil - Up to 50% lower energy consumption compared to conventional hydraulic press brakes - High efficiency and accuracy - High bending speed and significantly quieter operation - Full usable length between side frames - Reduced maintenance costs - Environmentally friendly - User-friendly control panel - Automatic calculation of bending sequences directly from STEP or DXF files - Up to 35% faster than hydraulic press brakes Standard Equipment: - 3D color graphic control Delem 66 T 17” touchscreen - Y1, Y2, X, and R axis CNC-controlled - CNC crowning via 3D control - X-axis 500 mm, R-axis stroke 150 mm on 1.5 m and 2 m models - X-axis 750 mm, R-axis stroke 250 mm for all other press brakes We make no compromises regarding punching tools and matrice—each CNC Servo-Electric Press Brake KKI DENER REVOLUTION is equipped with quality tooling from EUROSTAMP, Italy. - Segmented gooseneck upper tool - 4-V die block 60x60 (V = 16, 22, 35, and 50 mm) - Backgauge with servo motors on linear guides and ball screw Of course, a machine is only as good as the service behind it. Therefore, we place great importance on highly qualified staff with extensive experience in CNC sheet metal processing. - Laser safety device on the upper beam - CE safety equipment - Operating instructions in GERMAN and ENGLISH Options: - Additional controlled backgauge axes X1, X2, R, Z1, Z2, Delta X - ATF type 6-axis backgauge, X1, X2 - R type backgauge - X-Prime type backgauge - Hydraulic upper and lower tool clamping - CNC 3D touchscreen control DELEM DA-69T KK-Industries GmbH

Stanje: novo, Pressure: 175 Bending length: 3570 mm Frame width: 3570 mm Installation height: 590 mm Stroke length (max.): 300 mm Dimensions (LxWxH): 5340x2100x2680 mm Weight approx.: 11,500 kg Motor power: 22 kW CNC crowning via control: yes CNC Servo Electric Press Brake KKI Model REVOLUTION DDM-17535 Servo-motorized Press Brake REVOLUTION Servo-electric press brakes contain no hydraulic system and are, due to their flexibility and reliability, the technology of tomorrow. This new generation of machines offers higher speed and precision, delivering greater efficiency, ergonomic features, and environmentally friendly production technology. As the first manufacturer of servo-electric press brakes in a range of models and tonnages, Dener is a pioneering force in this field, bringing extensive experience and quality. Standard equipment: KK-Industries is the general agent for the DENER group. For the European market, we have assembled a premium model. The CNC Servo Electric Press Brake KK-Industries made by DENER: Technological advantages—Model REVOLUTION DDM: - 100% electric, 0% hydraulic oil - Up to 50% less energy consumption compared to conventional hydraulic press brakes - High efficiency and precision - High bending speed and significantly quieter operation - Full frame length usable - Lower maintenance costs - Environmentally friendly - User-friendly control panel - Automatic calculation of bending steps directly from STEP or DXF files - Up to 35% faster than hydraulic press brakes Standard Equipment: - 3D color graphics controller Delem 66T with 17" touch screen - Y1, Y2, X, and R axes CNC-controlled - CNC crowning via 3D control - X-axis: 500 mm; R-axis: 150 mm stroke (for 1.5 m and 2 m machines) - X-axis: 750 mm; R-axis: 250 mm stroke (for all other press brakes) For the upper tool and die, we make no compromises—equipped with premium tools from EUROSTAMP Italy. - Segmented gooseneck upper tool - 4-V die block 60x60 mm (V = 16, 22, 35, and 50 mm) - Backgauge driven by servomotors on linear guides and ball screws Nsdpfx Ajd Etf Djh Uswg The quality of a machine is matched by its service. That’s why we prioritize highly qualified staff with long-standing experience in CNC sheet metal processing. - Laser safety device on the upper beam - CE safety equipment - Operating instructions in GERMAN and ENGLISH Options: - Additional controlled backgauge axes: X1, X2, R, Z1, Z2, Delta X - ATF Type 6-axis backgauge, X1, X2; R-Type backgauge - X-Prime Type backgauge - Hydraulic upper and lower tool clamping for tools - CNC 3D touchscreen controller DELEM DA-69T KK-Industries GmbH

Stanje: novo, Bending length: 3100 mm Sheet thickness: 5 mm Top roll diameter: 190 mm Technical specifications: - Rear roll motor-driven - Cone bending device - Hardened and polished rolls - The entire frame is made of St 52 steel - Asymmetric design for perfect bending - Top and bottom rolls driven by brake electric motors and planetary gearboxes - Portable control panel - In compliance with CE standards Options: - Bottom roll driven by electric motor EURO 1,925.00 - Digital display for rear roll position EURO 1,010.00 Nsdpfxjd Ab Nio Ah Uowg - Extended rolls EURO 966.00 - Profile rolls EURO 1,190.00 We have a large number of references!

Stanje: novo, Pressure: 40 Bending length: 1300 mm Frame gap: 1300 mm Installation height: 375 mm Stroke length (max.): 150 mm Dimensions (LxWxH): 1880 x 2435 x 2320 mm Weight approx.: 3400 kg Motor power: 2 x 3.8 kW electric ball screw CNC press brake KKI Model REVOLUTION B-Servo 1550 mm x 40 t Standard equipment: KK-Industries is the general representative of the DENER Group. We have assembled a high-quality model for Europe. The CNC servo-electric press brake from KK-Industries, made by DENER, offers technological advantages: Model REVOLUTION B-Servo 1550 mm 40 t High speeds with ball screw drive The CNC servo-electric press brake stands out for its high precision, accuracy and versatile applications - 100% electric, 0% hydraulic oil - Up to 40% lower energy consumption compared to conventional hydraulic press brakes - High efficiency and accuracy - High bending speed and significantly quieter operation - Reduced maintenance costs - Environmentally friendly - User-friendly control panel - Automatic calculation of bending steps directly from STEP or DXF files - Up to 35% faster than hydraulic press brakes Technical Specifications Bending Length 1550 mm Nwodpfx Aod H Hh Hsh Ueg Bending Capacity (Press force) 40 tons Maximum Stroke 150 mm Daylight Opening (Installation height) 375 mm Approaching Speed 150 mm/s Bending Speed 20 mm/s Return Speed 150 mm/s Power 2 x 3.8 kW Weight 3400 kg Overall Length (A) 1880 mm Width (C) 2435 mm Height (D) 2320 mm KK-Industries GmbH There's something for everyone!

Stanje: novo, Sheet length: 4,000 mm Sheet thickness: 20.0 mm Cutting width: 4,000 mm Total power requirement: 22 kW Weight approx.: 20,000 kg Nedpfx Ahexxd D Us Ujwg Dimensions (LxWxH): 4,850 x 2,300 x 2,180 mm Technical Data: Sheet thickness: 20 mm Cutting length: 4,000 mm Cutting angle: 2.30° Backgauge: motorized, 1,000 mm Motor power: 22 kW Length: 4,850 mm Width: 2,300 mm Height: 2,180 mm Weight: 20,000 kg Equipment: Swing beam design NC preselection control ELGO P 40 T Touch with backgauge and cutting gap adjustment from the front via control panel Motorized backgauge up to 1,000 mm User-friendly control panel mounted on a swing arm Hydraulic hold-downs positioned close to the cutting line Foot switch Cutting gap adjustment Cutting line illumination Wide support table with ball inserts Upward-folding finger guard, 1,000 mm 1 side gauge with T-slot 2 sheet support arms with T-slot Simple blade replacement and regrinding Adjustable cutting length for economical processing Lower blade, reversible 4 times Upper blade, reversible 2 times Qualified after-sales service Operating manual in ENGLISH Machine and equipment conform to CE regulations

Stanje: novo, Sheet length: 2100 mm Top roller diameter: 140 mm Sheet thickness: 4 mm Lower roller diameter: 140 mm Length: 4000 mm Height: 1040 mm Width: 1140 mm Approx. weight: 2240 kg Njdpfxjwhtdfe Ah Uowg Technical specifications: - Hardened and polished rollers - Full body made of ST-52 steel - The 4 rolls are arranged symmetrically - Hydraulically operated top cover for easy material removal - Digital display for lower and side roller positions - Hydraulic adjustment - Top and bottom rollers driven by hydraulics and gearbox - Vertical movements of the bottom roller are hydraulically powered - Movable control panel - In compliance with CE standards Options: Central support – €6,479 Side supports – €4,055 CNC – €8,670 Material infeed table – €3,258 Speed control (variable) – €4,109 Automatic material discharge PLC control CNC control Automatic material feed system Interchangeable top roller Adjustable lower roller support system (customisable to customer requirements) We have many references!

Stanje: novo, Sheet length: 3,200 mm Sheet thickness: 10 mm Cutting width: 3,200 mm Total power requirement: 15 kW Weight approx.: 7,700 kg Dimensions (LxWxH): 3,800 x 1,820 x 1,920 mm Technical specifications: - Sheet thickness: 10 mm - Cutting length: 3,200 mm - Cutting angle: 1.30° - Backgauge: motorized, 1,000 mm - Motor power: 15 kW - Length: 3,800 mm - Width: 1,820 mm - Height: 1,920 mm - Weight: 7,700 kg Features: - Swing beam shear design - NC pre-selection control ELGO P 40 T - With backgauge and cutting gap adjustment from the front via control panel - Motorized backgauge up to 1,000 mm - Clearly arranged control panel mounted on pivoting arm - Hydraulic hold-downs positioned close to the cutting edge - Foot switch - Cutting gap adjustment - Cutting line illumination - Wide support table with ball transfers Njdpfx Ajvap Thoh Uewg - 1,000 mm foldable finger guard - 1 side stop with T-slot - 2 sheet support arms with T-slot - Easy blade replacement and regrinding - Adjustable cutting length for economical processing - Bottom blade with 4 cutting edges - Top blade with 2 cutting edges - Qualified after-sales service - Operating manual in ENGLISH - Machine and equipment compliant with CE regulations

Stanje: novo, Sheet length: 3,200 mm Sheet thickness: 16 mm Cutting width: 3,200 mm Total power requirement: 22 kW Weight approx.: 10,600 kg Dimensions (LxWxH): 3,800 x 1,950 x 2,080 mm Technical specifications: - Sheet thickness: 10 mm - Cutting length: 3,200 mm - Cutting angle: 1.30° - Backgauge: motorized, 1,000 mm - Motor power: 22 kW - Length: 3,800 mm - Width: 1,950 mm - Height: 2,080 mm - Weight: 10,600 kg Equipment: - Swing beam shear design - NC pre-selection control ELGO P 40 T - With backgauge and cutting gap adjustment from the front via the control panel - Motorized backgauge up to 1,000 mm - Clearly arranged control panel mounted on swiveling arm - Hydraulic hold-downs positioned close to the cutting edge - Foot switch - Cutting gap adjustment - Cutting line illumination - Wide support table with ball transfers Nodpfevap Tnsx Ah Uswg - Foldable finger guard, 1,000 mm - 1 T-slot side gauge - 2 sheet support arms with T-slot - Easy blade change and regrinding - Adjustable cutting length for economic processing - Lower blade reversible on 4 sides - Upper blade reversible on 2 sides - Qualified customer service - Operating manual in ENGLISH - Machine and equipment in accordance with CE regulations

Stanje: novo, Pressure: 100 Cylinder: fixed Stroke: 350 mm Frame opening: 1050 mm Working speed: 2 mm/s Rapid approach: 28 mm/s Length: 1900 mm Width: 850 mm Height: 2250 mm Weight approx.: 1030 kg Njdpewwng Hsfx Ah Uowg Height-adjustable work table – easily adjustable via chain Safe two-hand operation – convenient control via hand lever and push button Adjustable maximum pressure – can be customized for a wide range of applications Integrated pressure gauge – allows precise pressure monitoring during operation CE-compliant design – manufactured according to the latest safety and quality standards Operating manual – detailed and easy to understand, available in German and English Two working speeds – for particularly precise and efficient working The photo is a sample image.

Stanje: novo, Pressure: 1500 Cylinder: fixed Stroke: 350 Nwjdswwnhdopfx Ah Usg Column width: 1500 Working speed: 3 Rapid traverse: 22 Length: 2500 Width: 1200 Height: 2500 Approx. weight: 2450 Height-adjustable worktable – easily adjustable via chain Safe two-hand operation – convenient control using hand lever and push button Adjustable maximum pressure – can be individually set for a variety of applications Integrated pressure gauge – enables precise pressure monitoring during operation CE-compliant design – manufactured to current safety and quality standards Operating manual – detailed and easy to understand, available in German and English Two working speeds – for particularly precise and efficient operation The picture shown is for illustrative purposes only.

Stanje: novo, Pressure: 40 Cylinder: fixed (not movable) Stroke: 350 mm Clearance between uprights: 900 mm Working speed: 4 mm/s Length: 1600 mm Width: 700 mm Height: 2050 mm Approx. weight: 430 kg Height-adjustable work table – conveniently adjustable via chain Safe two-hand operation – comfortable control via hand lever and push button Adjustable maximum pressure – can be individually set for various applications Integrated pressure gauge – enables precise pressure monitoring during operation CE-compliant design – manufactured in accordance with current safety and quality standards Operating manual – detailed and easy to understand, available in German and English Two working speeds – for particularly precise and efficient work The image is for illustration purposes only. Nwodswwnhqspfx Ah Uog

Stanje: novo, Bending length: 2600 mm Sheet thickness: 5 mm Upper roller diameter: 170 mm Technical specifications: Nedpfx Aed Ab Nneh Uewg - Rear roller powered by motor - Cone bending device - Hardened and polished rollers - Entire frame made of St 52 steel - Asymmetric design for perfect bending results - Upper and lower rollers driven by brake motors and planetary gearbox - Portable control panel - In compliance with CE standards Options: - Lower roller driven by electric motor: EUR 1,650 - Digital display for rear roller position: EUR 1,010 - Extended rollers: EUR 966 - Profile rollers: EUR 1,190 We have numerous references!

Stanje: novo, Bending length: 2050 mm Sheet thickness: 4 mm Top roll diameter: 130 mm Technical data: - Rear roll driven by motor - Conical bending device - Hardened and polished rolls - Entire frame made of St 52 steel - Main motor with brake system - Top and bottom rolls driven by electric motor, gearbox, and transmission system - Portable control panel - Cast iron body - Manual adjustment of rear and lower rolls - In accordance with CE standards Options: - Top roll driven by electric motor – EURO 1,260 - Digital display for rear roll position – EURO 1,010 - Hardened rolls – EURO 1,352 - Special voltage – EURO 480 - Material infeed table - Bottom roll driven by electric motor Nedpjd Ab Nwjfx Ah Ujwg We have a large number of references!

Stanje: novo, Bending length: 1550 mm Sheet thickness: 4.5 mm Top roll diameter: 130 mm Technical specifications: - Rear roll driven by motor - Cone bending device - Hardened and polished rolls - Entire frame made of St 52 steel - Main motor with brake system - Top and bottom rolls driven by electric motor, gearbox, and gear system - Portable control panel - Cast iron body - Movement of rear and bottom rolls manually operated - In compliance with CE standards Nedpfx Ahsd Ab Nxe Uewg Options: - Top roll driven by electric motor, EUR 1,166 - Digital display for rear roll position, EUR 1,010 - Hardened rolls, EUR 1,117 - Special voltage, EUR 480 - Material feed table - Bottom roll driven by electric motor We have numerous references!

Stanje: novo, Bending length: 1050 mm Sheet thickness: 5.5 mm Top roll diameter: 130 mm Technical specifications: - Back roll driven by electric motor - Cone bending device - Hardened and polished rolls - Entire body made of St 52 steel - Main motor with brake system - Top and bottom rolls driven by electric motor, gearbox, and gear system - Movable control panel - Cast iron body - Manual adjustment of rear and lower rolls Nwedped Ab Nyefx Ah Usg - In compliance with CE standards Options: - Top roll driven by electric motor EURO 1,166 - Digital display for back roll position EURO 1,010 - Hardened rolls EURO 799 - Special voltage EURO 480 - Material feed table - Bottom roll driven by electric motor We have numerous references!

Stanje: novo, Sheet thickness: 33 mm; Sheet length: 3100 mm; Top roll diameter: 430 mm Technical specifications: - Hardened and polished rolls - Complete frame made of ST-52 steel - 4 rolls arranged symmetrically - Hydraulically operated top opening for easy material removal - Digital display for lower and side roll positions - Hydraulic adjustment - Top and bottom rolls driven by hydraulic system and gearbox - Vertical movement of the bottom roll is hydraulically driven - Mobile control panel - Conforms to CE standards Options: - Variable rotation speed: EUR 5,858 - Material feed table: EUR 3,400 - Oil cooler: Standard - Central support: EUR 13,600 - Side supports: EUR 12,000 - Automatic material extractor - PLC control system - CNC control system - Automatic material loading system - Interchangeable top roll - Adjustable lower roll support system (for special customer requirements) Nedpfx Ahed Ab Rle Uswg We have numerous references!

Stanje: novo, Sheet thickness: 40 Bending length: 2600 Top roll diameter: 430 Technical specifications: - Hardened and polished rolls - Entire frame made of ST-52 steel - The 4 rolls are symmetrically arranged - Hydraulically operated top cover for easy material removal - Digital display for bottom and side roll position - Hydraulic feed - Top and bottom rolls driven by hydraulics and gearbox - Vertical movement of the bottom roll is hydraulically powered - Mobile control panel - In compliance with CE standards Nwodpsd Ab Rmofx Ah Uog Options: - Variable rotation speed: EUR 5,858 - Material feed table: EUR 3,400 - Oil cooler: standard - Central support: EUR 13,600 - Side supports: EUR 9,600 - Automatic material extractor - PLC control - CNC control - Automatic material loading system - Interchangeable top roll - Adjustable bottom roll support system (for special customer requirements) We have numerous references!

Stanje: novo, Sheet thickness: 16 mm Bending length: 4100 mm Upper roll diameter: 390 mm Technical Specifications: - Hardened and polished rolls - Complete body made of ST-52 steel - The 4 rolls are arranged symmetrically - Hydraulic-powered top cover for easy material removal - Digital display for lower and side roll positions - Hydraulic adjustment - Upper and lower rolls driven by hydraulics and gearbox - Vertical movements of the lower roll are hydraulically driven - Movable control console - In compliance with CE standards Options: - Variable rotation speed: EUR 4,681 - Material feed table: EUR 3,400 - Oil cooler: EUR 1,040 - Central support: EUR 13,600 - Side supports: EUR 12,516 - Automatic material extractor - PLC control - CNC control - Automatic material loading system - Exchangeable top roll Nwsdpfxjd Ab Rps Ah Usg - Adjustable lower roll support system (for special customer requirements) We have numerous references!

Stanje: novo, Sheet thickness: 13 mm Bending length: 3100 mm Top roll diameter: 300 mm Technical Data: - Hardened and polished rolls - Entire frame made of ST-52 steel - 4 rolls are arranged symmetrically - Hydraulically operated top cover for easy material removal - Digital display for lower and side roll positions - Hydraulic approach - Top and bottom rolls are driven by hydraulic system and gearbox - Vertical movements of the bottom roll are hydraulically driven - Mobile control panel Nwodpfx Ahsd Ab R He Usg - In compliance with CE standards Options: - Variable rotation speed: EUR 4,681 - Material feed table: EUR 3,400 - Oil cooler: EUR 1,040 - Central support: EUR 13,600 - Side supports: EUR 9,400 - Automatic material extractor - PLC control - CNC control - Automatic material loading system - Interchangeable top roll - Adjustable lower roll support system (for special customer requirements) We have numerous references!

Stanje: novo, Sheet thickness: 16 mm Bending length: 2100 mm Top roll diameter: 270 mm Technical specifications: - Hardened and polished rolls Nsdod Ab R Uepfx Ah Uswg - Complete frame made of ST-52 steel - The 4 rolls are arranged symmetrically - Hydraulically driven top cover for easy material removal - Digital display for lower and side roll positions - Hydraulic adjustment - Top and bottom rolls are driven by hydraulic and gearbox - The vertical movements of the lower roll are hydraulically driven - Mobile control console - In conformity with CE standards Options: - Variable rotation speed: EUR 4,681 - Material feed table: EUR 3,400 - Oil cooler: EUR 1,040 - Central support: EUR 8,250 - Side supports: EUR 5,700 - Automatic material extractor - PLC control - CNC control - Automatic material loading system - Interchangeable top roll - Adjustable lower roll support system (for special customer requirements) We have many references!

Stanje: novo, Bending length: 4100 mm Sheet thickness: 16 mm Top roll diameter: 390 mm Technical specifications: - Hardened and polished rolls - Complete frame made of ST-52 steel - Conical bending device - Digital display for side rolls - Portable control console - Rolls are mounted with bearings - Top roll cover, hydraulically openable and closable via control panel - All rolls driven by hydraulic motor and planetary gearbox - Side movements hydraulically powered Nwedpfx Ahod Ab Svj Uog Options: - Variable rotation speed EUR 4,682 - Material feed table on request - Oil cooler EUR 1,040 - Central support EUR 13,600 - Side supports EUR 12,516 We have numerous references!

Stanje: novo, Bending length: 3100 mm Sheet thickness: 25 mm Top roll diameter: 390 mm Nwsdpfxed Ab Swo Ah Ujg Technical data: - Hardened and polished rolls - Complete body made of ST-52 steel - Conical bending device - Digital display for side rolls - Portable control panel - Rolls mounted with bearings - Upper roll cover, hydraulically openable and closable via control panel - All rolls driven by hydraulic motor and planetary gearbox - Lateral movements driven hydraulically Options: - Variable rotation speed EURO 4,682 - Material infeed table on request - Oil cooler EURO 1,040 - Central support EURO 13,600 - Side supports EURO 10,540 We have numerous references!

Stanje: novo, Bending length: 2100 mm Sheet thickness: 20 mm Top roll diameter: 300 mm Technical specifications: - Hardened and polished rolls - Entire frame made of ST-52 steel - Conical bending device - Digital display for side rolls - Portable control panel - Rolls mounted with bearings - Hydraulic upper roll cover, openable and closable via control panel - All rolls driven by hydraulic motor and planetary gearbox - Lateral movements hydraulically powered Options: - Variable rotation speed: EUR 4,682 Nedpod Ab Tasfx Ah Uowg - Material feed table on request - Oil cooler: EUR 1,040 - Central support: EUR 13,600 - Side supports: EUR 8,400 We have numerous references!

Stanje: novo, Bending length: 4100 mm Sheet thickness: 6 mm Top roll diameter: 270 mm Technical specifications: - Hardened and polished rolls - Complete body made of ST-52 steel - Conical bending device - Digital display for side rolls - Portable control panel - Rolls mounted with bearings - Upper roll cover, hydraulically openable and closable via control panel - All rolls driven by hydraulic motor and planetary gearbox - Side movements hydraulically driven Options: - Variable rotation speed EURO 4,682 - Sheet feeding table on request - Oil cooler EURO 1,040 - Central support EURO 8,250 - Side supports EURO 9,660 Nedpsd Ab Tbofx Ah Uewg We have numerous references!

Stanje: novo, Bending length: 1050 mm Sheet thickness: 1.8 mm Top roller diameter: 70 mm Technical specifications: - Cast iron frame - Manual or motorized (optional) bending Nsded Ab T Rspfx Ah Ujwg - After bending, the top roller can be opened sideways for easy material removal - Cone bending device - Rear and bottom roller adjustment up and down manually via handwheel - Portable control panel - In compliance with CE standards Options: - Motorized rear roller - Digital display for rear roller position - Body cover EURO 274,-- - Hardened rollers EURO 392,-- - Variable rotation speed We have numerous references!