Ras Univerzalni Stroj Za Zgibanje nakup rabljenega (87.840)

Stanje: generalkompletno obnovljen (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2012, obratovalne ure: 100 h, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, številka stroja/vozila: H5KS, Universal Testing Machine, Type H5kS Extended version by 254 mm With 5KN and 500N load cells, clamping device, and software for Windows 10-11 For tensile, compression, bending, shearing, etc., in accordance with EN ISO 7500-1, ASTM E4. The H5kS is a universal testing machine designed according to the latest standards. The machine operates in compliance with relevant EU radiation protection and safety regulations (EN 50081-1, 72/23/EEC, EN 61010-1). The maximum voltage inside the machine is 48 volts. Special features: • Large, easy-to-read liquid crystal display with backlight • Graphical or numerical display mode • Alphanumeric file input • Speed range 0.001 to 1000 mm/min (2.5kN) Djdpfx Abjq Ruygs Hokn Speed range 0.001 to 500 mm/min (5kN) • High return speed 0.001 to 1500 mm/min • Precise crosshead positioning • Robust load frame • Test result output protocol with mean and standard deviation via printer • Wide range of test software for Windows for various standards • RS232 interface mode for integration with computer systems • Load cell force display accuracy 0.5% across the entire range • Displacement display accuracy 0.001 mm • Equipped with a force and displacement alarm system • 32-bit motor controller • 20% digital weight compensation during load cell capacity check • Automatic motor alarm in case of over/undervoltage and overheating Specifications: • Force measurement accuracy: +/- 0.5% of the displayed force in the range 2% to 100% • Position measurement accuracy: +/- 0.01% or 0.001 mm • Speed accuracy: +/- 0.005% of the selected speed • Operating temperature: 0 to 38°C • Humidity range: 10% to 90% Technical Data: • Single-spindle benchtop model • Maximum load: 5kN in tension and compression • Maximum travel: 1004 mm without grips • For further details, please refer to the brochure Dimensions: Height: 1394 mm Width: 490 mm Depth: 450 mm Weight: 102 kg Connection: Machine: 50-60 Hz - 2000 W Power supply: 220/240 VAC

Leto izdelave: 2023, obratovalne ure: 5 h, stanje: kot nova (razstavni stroj), Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Universal Testing Machine H5TMCI, 250 mm Extended Mechanical Design: - 2 backlash-free ball screw spindles, driven by AC servo motor, Fmax = 5 kN, stiffness 10 kN/mm - 1 test area up to rated load: - Working width: 420 mm (optional extensions: +190 mm / +330 mm / +620 mm) - Maximum test stroke without test fixtures, adapters, and KMZ: 1025 mm (optional extensions: +250 mm / +500 mm) - Optional: Conversion to floor-standing model, required additional assembly: base table Travel Speeds: - Test speed: 0.001 – 2000 mm/min at full load - Return speed: 2000 mm/min Force Measurement: - Measuring range: within 0.4 – 100% of rated load, Class 1 (optional Class 0.5) - (±1% of displayed value according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1) Dkodpfjmdpafox Ab Hjn - Force measurement resolution: ±180,000 digits at 20 ms integration time The machine is delivered with a factory test certificate. Should a factory or DKD calibration at the installation site be required by the customer, this will be charged separately. Crosshead Travel Measurement: - Incremental square-wave input with encoder monitoring, storage of crosshead position - Crosshead travel measurement resolution:

Leto izdelave: 2024, stanje: novo, številka stroja/vozila: H3000-H5000TM,

Leto izdelave: 2022, obratovalne ure: 10 h, stanje: novo, Universal Testing Machine H5TMC Mechanical Design: according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 2 backlash-free recirculating ball screws, driven by AC servomotor, Fmax = 5 kN, stiffness 10 kN/mm 1 test chamber up to nominal load: Test chamber width: 420 mm (optional extensions: +190 mm / +330 mm / +620 mm) Maximum test stroke without test fixtures, adapters and KMZ: 1025 mm (optional extensions: +250 mm / +500 mm) Optional: conversion to floor-standing model requires additional base table assembly Travel Speeds: Testing speed 0.001 - 2000 mm/min at full load Return speed 2000 mm/min Force Measurement: Measuring range: within 0.4 – 100% of nominal load, class 1 (optionally class 0.5) (+/- 1% of the displayed value according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1) Force measurement resolution: +/-180,000 digits at 20ms integration time The machine is delivered with a factory test certificate. Should the customer require a factory or DKD calibration at the installation site, this service will be charged separately. Dksdpsiq Hw Usfx Ab Hen Traverse Travel Measurement: Incremental square-wave input with encoder monitoring, storage of crosshead position Resolution of crosshead travel measurement:

Stanje: novo, Universal bending machine UB-100 Eccentric quick-clamping device Readable bending angle up to 120 degrees Weight 35 kg Dedoga T Hvepfx Ab Hokn Standard accessories: Continuously adjustable bending stop Eccentric quick-clamping device Angle stop Lever and bending formers Material stop Cold bending: - Flat steel 100 x 5 mm - Square steel 16 x 16 mm - Round steel 18 mm - Angle steel 60 x 8 mm Hot bending: - Flat steel 100 x 15 mm - Square steel 30 x 30 mm - Round steel 30 mm - Angle steel 100 x 12 mm

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2026, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, vrsta vhodnega toka: Enosmerni tok, skupna širina: 550 mm, skupna dolžina: 460 mm, skupna višina: 490 mm, vhodna napetost: 230 V, premer brusilnega koluta: 100 mm, skupna masa: 51 kg, vhodna frekvenca: 50 Hz, trajanje garancije: 12 meseci, moč: 0,375 kW (0,51 KM), največja hitrost vretena: 5.300 obr/min, For grinding HSS and carbide engraving cutters, as well as single- or multi-fluted end mills in various shapes, such as radius cutters or cutters with a negative conical angle. The universal indexing head is provided with 24 positions so that any specific angle of form can be achieved; a free rotation of 360° or 10° is allowed for grinding end mills, twist drills, and lathe tools. Simply replace the attachment on the indexing head to switch between tools, without complex assembly required. Standard accessories 3 collets: Ø4, Ø6, Ø8 mm Grinding wheel ×1 Twist drill grinding attachment ×1 Dodpeq E Ry Hsfx Ab Hjkn End mill grinding fixture ×1 Lathe tool grinding fixture ×1 Options Collets: Ø3, Ø1/8, Ø5, Ø9, Ø10, Ø12, Ø14, Ø16, Ø18 mm Max. collet capacity Ø3 - Ø18 mm Max. grinding diameter Ø18 mm Conical angle 0~180° Relief angle 0~45° Negative angle 0~25° Speed 5300 rpm Grinding wheel Ø100 x 50 x Ø20 mm Motor 375 W Dimensions 550 x 460 x 490 mm Weight 51 kg

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2016, Ref.: 11070. 2016 ‘Heidelberg’ Stahl TH82/644-PFH Falzmaschine Hochleistungs-Buckelfalzmaschine mit automatischer Einstellung (ohne Schallschutzhauben). Ausstattung: • PFH82 Palettenanleger für mittlere bis hohe Auflagen, bedienerfreundlich mit geringer körperlicher Belastung, lasergeführte Stapelpositionierung, Doppelradsaugkopf für großformatige Bogen. Maximale Stapelhöhe 1,2 Meter. • Digitale Mikroprozessorsteuerung mit Selbstlernfunktion zur Erkennung von Abschnittslänge und Abstand, Laufüberwachung, Gesamt- und Chargenzähler mit Speicherfunktion. • Touchscreen für vollautomatische Einstellung der Falzplatten und des Walzendrucks. • Kombi-Buckelfalzplatten mit schwenkbaren Ablenkeinheiten für schnellen Wechsel von Stopp- auf Falzmodus. • Einstellungen können maschinenextern im laufenden Betrieb vorgenommen werden (‘on the fly’). • VSA 56 Vertikalauslage. Inklusive Kompressor, Werkzeuge, Ersatzteile und Handbücher. Falzfolge: 1. Buckelaggregat – 82 cm mit 4 Falzplatten, Perforier-/Rillwellen 2. mobiles Buckelaggregat – 66 cm mit 4 Falzplatten, Perforier-/Rillwellen 3. mobiles Buckelaggregat – 52 cm mit 4 Falzplatten, Perforier-/Rillwellen Sonderfalzwerk (Gate Fold Attachment) Technische Daten: Bogenformat max.: 82 x 128 cm (Kontinuierlicher Anleger) min.: 14 x 18 cm Falzlänge min.: 6 cm Mechanische Geschwindigkeit: 50–230 m/min Falzleistung max. Buckel: 50.000 Takte/h Dedpfx Aoyk H H Rjb Hjkn

Stanje: delavnici obnovljeno (rabljeno), Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2007, model krmilnika: ATL 550, delovna širina: 4.100 mm, upogibna sila (maks.): 135 t, razdalja med stojali: 3.600 mm, Prenovljen stroj Upogibni stroj Haco tip PPM 4m x 135T Upravljanje ATL 550 Motoriziran zadnji naslon, os X Ročna bombirna miza Enokosni prebijalni nastavek Dsdpexanlfjfx Ab Hekn Enokosna matrica

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2026, vrsta upravljanja: CNC krmiljenje, model krmilnika: Easybend 2D, delovna širina: 3.100 mm, upogibna sila (maks.): 150 t, razdalja med stojali: 2.600 mm, Nova stroj Preša za upogibanje Haco tipa OPTIFORM 3m x 150T Numerično krmiljenje Easybend Motoriziran zadnji omejevalnik os XR Ročna miza za orodje tipa evropski standard Ročni hitri sistem vpenjanja za prebijalne matrice tipa evropski sistem Varnostna svetlobna zavesa DSP Opcija: 2 sprednji vrtljivi podporni roki Različica OPF 30150 + : z zadnjim omejevalnikom XRZ1Z2 - CNC bombiranje Dkodpfsxan Imox Ab Hen

Stanje: delavnici obnovljeno (rabljeno), Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2018, model krmilnika: Easybend 2DT, delovna širina: 4.100 mm, upogibna sila (maks.): 135 t, razdalja med stojali: 3.600 mm, Prenovljen stroj Dksdpfxoxbnz Aj Ab Hen Upogibni stiskalnik Haco tipa PPES 4m x 135T Numerično krmiljenje Easybend 2DT Motorizirani zadnji naslon, os X 2 pnevmatska prsta Ročni sistem za hitro vpenjanje za udarno orodje tipa European Standard Miza za matrico tipa European Standard

Stanje: delavnici obnovljeno (rabljeno), Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 1995, model krmilnika: ATL 595, delovna širina: 3.100 mm, moč: 19 kW (25,83 KM), upogibna sila (maks.): 200 t, razdalja med stojali: 2.600 mm, Prenovljen stroj Preša za upogibanje Haco tip PPH 3m x 200T Nova krmilna enota ATL 595 Motorizirani zadnji omejevalnik, os X Europski standardni prebijalci Monoblok matrica Dkjdexanm Aspfx Ab Hen

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), skupna dolžina: 4.000 mm, Prenovljen rabljeni stroj Upogibni stroj Haco tip PPME 4m x 160T Motoriziran zadnji prislon v osi X, nastavljiv z gumbom + in - 4 ročno premične prislone prste Dksdpfx Abetz Sg Aj Hen Rabljeni zgornji orodji tipa Evropski sistem Enodelna matrica dolžine 4m v dobrem stanju

Stanje: delavnici obnovljeno (rabljeno), Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2018, vrsta upravljanja: CNC krmiljenje, model krmilnika: Easybend 2D, delovna širina: 3.600 mm, zadnji prislon: 800 mm, skupna dolžina: 3.600 mm, upogibna sila (maks.): 135 t, razdalja med stojali: 3.100 mm, Prenovljen stroj Haco upogibni stroj tipa ERMS 3,6m x 135T Motorizirana zadnja opora os X Ročni hitrovpenjalni sistem za udarce Djdpfx Ajxamcvjb Hokn Udarci tip Evropski sistem Standardne evropske matrice

Stanje: delavnici obnovljeno (rabljeno), Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, vrsta upravljanja: CNC krmiljenje, model krmilnika: Easybend 2DT, delovna širina: 4.300 mm, upogibna sila (maks.): 200 t, Obnovljen stroj Upogibni stroj Haco tip ERMS 4,3m x 200T Dksdsxbnx Ijpfx Ab Hon Motoriziran zadnji prislon, os X, hod 1000 mm Ročni hitri sistem vpenjanja za prebijala tipa evropski standard Miza za monoblok matrico

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2025, vrsta upravljanja: CNC krmiljenje, stopnja avtomatizacije: samodejen, vrsta aktuacije: hidravlični, proizvajalec krmilnikov: CYBELEC, model krmilnika: CYBTOUCH 15 2D, delovna širina: 3.100 mm, globina grla: 450 mm, število osi: 4, tip kronanja: CNC krmiljen, skupna masa: 7.600 kg, skupna dolžina: 4.360 mm, skupna širina: 2.760 mm, skupna višina: 1.745 mm, moč: 11 kW (14,96 KM), vhodna frekvenca: 50 Hz, vrsta vhodnega toka: trifazni, trajanje garancije: 24 meseci, Oprema: CE označba, dokumentacija / priročnik, nožno daljinsko upravljanje, nujno zaustavitev, Hydraulic Press Brake / HYBRIDE COMFORT PLUS 135T 3m: Bending Force: 135T Bending Length: 3100mm Frame Gap: 2600mm Stroke: 265mm Throat Depth: 450mm Max Opening: 470mm Ram Height: 925mm Approach Speed: 190mm/s Return Speed: 140mm/s Working Speed: 10mm/s Machine Dimensions: 4360 x 1745 x 2760mm Weight: 7,600kg Motor Power: 11kW Standard Features: - 4-axis CNC backgauge (Y1, Y2, X, R) for fast and precise positioning - Cybelec CYBTTOUCH 15 2D numerical control - Monoblock welded steel frame ensuring rigidity and long service life - Promecam-type quick-release clamping system for fast tool changes - High-precision linear guides for perfect bends every time - FIESSLER AKAS front and rear laser safety guards for safe operation - Integrated standard tooling: 85° punch and Multi-V die along the entire length - LED lighting for optimal visual comfort - Premium European hydraulic components by Höerbiger - Motorized crowning device for uniform bending results across the full length - 2-piece front sheet supports Available Options: - High-precision hydraulic crowning - Pneumatic or hydraulic tool clamping systems (compatible with your existing tooling) Dkjdpfexukbrsx Ab Hon - Motorized bending aids for easy handling of long or heavy parts - Extended backgauge for processing large workpieces - Backgauge up to 6 or 8 axes for enhanced versatility - Wide lower table for Multi-V tool compatibility - Additional backgauge fingers - Offline programming interface to prepare bending jobs from your PC - Full robotization for automated bending operations and maximum productivity Machine manufactured in Turkey. The machine can be viewed and tested by appointment at our premises in Bréal-sous-Montfort (35). We can also provide demonstration videos or organize an online presentation to showcase the machine in operation. Feel free to contact us for any additional information. Price upon request. Delivery, unloading, and commissioning available upon request.

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 1995, obratovalne ure: 10.246 h, številka stroja/vozila: 5022/03, delovna širina: 3.000 mm, COLLY press brake from 1995 in working condition. DELEM DA20 CNC controller Press force 125T for 3 m Dsdpfx Asu E Eyrjb Hekn

Stanje: generalkompletno obnovljen (rabljeno), LAGUN 19 Ročni/konvencionalni/univerzalni fiksni stroj za rezkanje Dimenzije mize: 2.115 x 700 mm Pomik osi X: 1.900 mm Pomik osi Y: 950 mm Pomik osi Z: 1.000 mm Elektronski volan Fagor prikazovalnik Orodni vpenjalni BT50 Hidravlično vpenjanje orodja Obrati glave: 28 - 1.800 Pomiki: 0,25 - 88,60 Samodejno mazanje vodil Črpalka in rezervoar za hladilno tekočino Moč motorja glave: 15 kW Teža: 8.000 kg Dkodpfx Aoxxkwuob Hjn Mere: 3.600 x 2.700 x 2.650 mm

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2020, Stroj za lepljenje dveh pol za izdelavo velikih škatel Dkodpfox Rc Sdox Ab Hen

Stanje: rabljeno, Motor power 3 kW Total power requirement 3 kW Weight 1,400 kg O F F E R We can offer you from stock, subject to prior sale and errors: DECKEL Universal Tool Milling Machine with FAGOR 3-axis Digital Readout Type FP 3 Year Serial No. Table travel: longitudinal, motorized / manual 490 / 500 mm vertical, motorized / manual 370 / 380 mm Transverse milling slide travel, motorized / manual 290 / 300 mm Fixed angle table 2230 420 x 800 mm Installation height under spindle 90 - 470 mm Spindle taper SK 40 18 spindle speeds 40 – 2,000 rpm 18 feed rates 10 – 500 mm/min Rapid traverse 1,500 mm/min Spindle drive motor 3 kW Total drive 3 kW - 380 V - 50 Hz Weight 1,400 kg Accessories / Special features • FAGOR 3-axis digital readout V 300 (glass scales) with advanced functions such as chain dimensions, absolute dimension, mm/inch switching, etc. • Movable DECKEL universal vertical milling head, tiltable +/- 90° • Original DECKEL tool cabinet with extensive accessories such as various tool holders, collet chuck with approx. 20 collets, long arbor, various spacer rings, driving dogs, clamping devices, operating tools, etc. • DECKEL large, fixed angle table, 420 x 800 mm, mounted • DECKEL universal dividing head with direct and indirect indexing, various index plates • Additional manual DECKEL universal rotary table ? 380 mm with direct and indirect indexing, various index plates • Coolant equipment, chip tray, central lubrication, separate control cabinet, operating manuals Dodpfx Aov Nq Skob Hjkn Condition: Very well-maintained condition! Ideal machine for training workshops or small batch production! Please click here for a video of the machine: FP3/4 Delivery: ex stock, immediately available, FCA Metzingen Payment: strictly net - upon receipt of invoice We always have a wide selection of conventional and CNC milling machines in stock. Please contact us!

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2020, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, številka stroja/vozila: A-200711, skupna dolžina: 2.450 mm, skupna širina: 780 mm, skupna višina: 1.150 mm, vhodna napetost: 220 V, For sale is a washing unit for anilox rollers and sleeves. Further information can be found in the photos. Dkedpjww Tziefx Ab Hjn

Leto izdelave: 2025, stanje: novo, Stroj za kremiranje, pasiranje, izdelavo arašidovega masla (Kamniti kremirni in pasirni stroj) Krema in maslo sta tako fine zrnate strukture, da iz stroja iztekata podobno kot olje, pri čemer ni zaznati nobenih grobih delcev. Stroj je na Mednarodnem kmetijskem sejmu v Srbiji prejel zlato medaljo. Namen stroja: Priprava krem, mletje bučnih semen, mletje kokosa. Stroj omogoča kremiranje/pasiranje naslednjih izdelkov: Oljna semena: - Arašidi, lešniki, mandlji, orehi, indijski oreščki, - Pistacije, sončnična semena, bučna semena, konopljina semena, kokos. Dkedoxvrxzopfx Ab Hsn - Sojino mleko (tofu), čičerika (humus) Pri sojinem mleku in čičeriki je potrebna dodaja vode! Oljna semena je pred predelavo potrebno toplotno obdelati. Kremiranje sadja in zelenjave: marelice, slive, paprika, krem česen Motor: 3 kW / 380 V Kapaciteta: 20–60 kg/h Finoća/kakovost kreme, velikost delcev: 50–150 mikronov

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 1969, Work Table Clamping Surface 500 x 200 mm Distance Spindle – Table 300 mm Longitudinal Manual Travel 300 mm Cross Manual Travel 160 mm Template Table Template Table Dimensions 550 x 324 mm Distance Pantograph Arm – Clamping Surface 20 mm Swiveling 360° Template Grooves 7 pcs, 45 mm apart Milling Spindle Spindle Speeds 1,900 – 15,000 rpm Cutting Speed 1 – 226 m/min Motor Speed 2,800 rpm Spindle Taper (engraving spindle) 1:5 Max. Collet Bore 6 mm Spindle Adjustment 1 mm fine, 3 mm coarse Pantograph Dkedjidckfspfx Ab Hen Transmission Ratio 1 : 1 to 1 : 50 Drive Power 0.2 kW Dimensions Space Requirement (L x W x H) 1400 x 1000 x 1420 mm Weight 260 kg Accessories / Special Features: • 1 set of fonts with letters and numbers • Tracing stylus

Stanje: novo, Working width: 4010 mm Bending beam rotation: approx. 140° Power supply: Three-phase 230 V / 400 V – 1.5 kW Max. bending angle: 180° Bending length: 4010 mm - HIGH ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY - FULLY HYDRAULIC - PREMIUM QUALITY STEEL Dksdpfx Absr A Ntws Hon - CONSISTENT CLAMPING PRESSURE - INTEGRATED MANUAL SHEAR - WITH PROFILING UNIT - ELECTRONIC ANGLE ADJUSTMENT The RULI long folding machine is the ideal machine for tinsmiths and both large and small sheet metal processing companies. It stands out for its simple and well-engineered design and is particularly low-maintenance. The RULI long folding machine operates fully hydraulically; clamping and bending are each controlled by a small lever. The oscillating, vertically closing upper beam allows clamping pressure to be evenly distributed over the entire working length, preventing sheet movement during clamping. Two degree scales enable reading and setting of individual bending angles. Installation of the machine is carried out on a concrete floor or concrete ceiling (minimum thickness 12 cm).

Stanje: novo, Working width: 6020 x 1000 Bending beam rotation: approx. 140° Weight approx.: 2 t Dimensions (LxWxH): approx. 7000 x 1700 x 1500 Power supply: Three-phase current 230 V / 400 V - 1.5 Max. bending angle: 180° Folding length: 6020 - HIGH ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY - FULLY HYDRAULIC Dksdpfx Aerzx Emeb Hon - HIGH-QUALITY STEEL - CONSTANT CLAMPING PRESSURE - MANUAL SHEARING DEVICE - WITH PROFILING UNIT - ELECTRONIC ANGLE ADJUSTMENT The RULI long folding machine is the ideal machine for sheet metal workers as well as large and small sheet metal processing businesses. It stands out due to its simple and sophisticated design and is particularly low-maintenance. The RULI long folding machine operates fully hydraulically, with clamping and bending controlled by a small lever. The upper beam is mounted on trunnions and closes vertically, allowing for evenly distributed clamping pressure across the entire length and preventing sheet displacement during clamping. Two angle scales allow for reading and setting individual bending angles. This machine should be installed on a concrete floor or ceiling (minimum thickness 12 cm).

Stanje: novo, Working width: 3010 mm Bending beam rotation: approx. 140° Connection rating: Three-phase current 230 V / 400 V – 1.5 kW Max. bending angle: 180° Bending length: 3010 mm - HIGH ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY - FULLY HYDRAULIC - HIGH-QUALITY STEEL - CONSISTENT CLAMPING PRESSURE - MANUAL CUTTING DEVICE - WITH PROFILING UNIT - ELECTRONIC ANGLE ADJUSTMENT Dkjdporzx Dzjfx Ab Hen The RULI long folding machine is the ideal machine for tinsmiths and both large and small fine sheet metal processing companies. It is characterized by its simple yet sophisticated design and is not prone to breakdowns. The RULI long folding machine operates fully hydraulically, with clamping and bending controlled via a small lever. The floating, vertically closing upper beam ensures evenly distributed clamping pressure over the entire length, preventing the sheet from shifting during clamping. Two degree scales allow for precise reading and setting of the individual bending angles. The machine must be installed on a concrete floor or ceiling (minimum 12 cm thickness).