Mobilna Drobilna Naprava | Drobič nakup rabljenega (7.142)

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2026, Cuvette de sablage sous pression 200 l, mobile, pour chantier ou usage stationnaire. Robinetterie montée en toute sécurité sous la poignée. Très bien adapté aux utilisations intensives sur chantier. Composition : - Réservoir sous pression 200 l - Tamis de préfiltration - Couvercle de protection contre les intempéries - Séparateur d'eau - Détendeur - Réglage de l'air de transport (débit d’air pour la cuve et le tuyau de sablage) - Tuyau de sablage Ø25 mm, 10 m - Buse de sablage Venturi Ø8 mm (consommation d'air à 6 bar env. 3,57 m³/min) - Vanne de mélange d'abrasif, pièce en Y caoutchoutée pour une moindre usure - Filtre à air respirable avec tuyau d'air 10 m - Casque de sablage Systèmes de sécurité : - Interrupteur homme mort avec câble de commande - Dégazage rapide commandé Isdpfjynr E Tex Ab Aotg En option : - Poignée agrandie avec support pour tuyau - Tête de sablage humide - Chauffage pour air respirable - Châssis de transport avec seau Hobbock et couvercle pour plusieurs heures de sablage sans remplissage - etc. Fabriqué en Allemagne

Stanje: rabljeno, moč: 1,1 kW (1,50 KM), vhodna napetost: 380 V, volumenski pretok: 2.000 m³/h, premer sesalne cevi: 140 mm, filtrirna površina: 1,65 m², skupna višina: 1.900 mm, skupna dolžina: 1.100 mm, skupna širina: 650 mm, skupna masa: 50 kg, premer povezave za izpihovanje: 140 mm, nazivni pretok: 2.000 m³/h, negativen tlak: 1.800 Pa, nazivna moč: 1,1 kW (1,50 KM), potrebna višina: 1.900 mm, zahteva za prostor dolžina: 1.100 mm, potrebna širina: 650 mm, transportna dolžina: 1.100 mm, transportna širina: 650 mm, transportna višina: 1.900 mm, No. 3258 Mobile Extraction Unit / Mobile Dust Extractor Scheppach HA 3200 Used For extracting planer chips, milling chips, sawdust, and sanding dust Motor: 1.1 kW, 380 V Airflow: 2000 m³/h Maximum pressure differential: 1800 Pa Extraction port diameter: 140 mm Impeller diameter: 320 mm Special filter diameter: 500 mm, height: 800 mm Filter area: 1.65 m² Iodpfxex Hi Rxs Ab Ajtg Mobile extraction system with 2 swivel castors Transport dimensions approx. 1100 x 650 x 1900 mm (L x W x H) Weight approx. 50 kg Sale on behalf of customer, ex location near 73430 Aalen, without dismantling, transport, or installation included Dismantling, loading, and transport by us optional upon request Errors in description and price excepted To avoid possible misunderstandings, an on-site inspection is possible and recommended by appointment Sold as is Technical data, condition description, year of construction, and scope of delivery according to manufacturer’s brochure and/or previous owner, without guarantee Subject to prior sale For used machines, any warranty is excluded; sale is as seen Pictures and videos serve as examples and do not represent the actual scope of delivery Payment terms: Prices plus statutory VAT, payment before collection or shipping Delivery terms: Ex location

Stanje: rabljeno, moč: 1,1 kW (1,50 KM), volumenski pretok: 2.000 m³/h, premer sesalne cevi: 140 mm, filtrirna površina: 1,65 m², skupna višina: 1.900 mm, skupna dolžina: 1.100 mm, skupna širina: 650 mm, skupna masa: 50 kg, premer povezave za izpihovanje: 140 mm, nazivni pretok: 2.000 m³/h, negativen tlak: 1.800 Pa, nazivna moč: 1,1 kW (1,50 KM), potrebna višina: 1.900 mm, zahteva za prostor dolžina: 1.100 mm, potrebna širina: 650 mm, transportna dolžina: 1.100 mm, transportna širina: 650 mm, transportna višina: 1.900 mm, No. 3257 Mobile Extraction Unit / Mobile Dust Extractor Scheppach HA 3200 Ijdpfx Aox Hi H Hjb Ajtg Used For extracting planer shavings, milling chips, sawdust, and sanding dust Motor: 1.1 kW, 380 V Airflow: 2000 m³/h Max. pressure difference: 1800 Pa Extraction connection diameter: 140 mm Impeller diameter: 320 mm Special filter diameter: 500 mm, height: 800 mm Filter surface area: 1.65 m² Mobile extraction unit with 2 swivel castors Transport dimensions approx. 1100 x 650 x 1900 mm (LxWxH) Weight approx. 50 kg Sale on behalf of customer, ex location near 73430 Aalen, without dismantling, transport or installation Dismantling, loading, and transport by us available as an option Errors in description and price reserved To avoid possible misunderstandings, an on-site inspection is possible and recommended by appointment Sale is as-is Technical specifications, condition description, year of manufacture, and scope of delivery according to manufacturer's brochure or previous owner, without warranty Subject to prior sale For used machines, any warranty is excluded, applies as: "sold as seen" Pictures and videos serve as examples and do not represent the actual scope of delivery Payment terms: prices plus statutory VAT, payment before collection or dispatch Delivery terms: ex works

Stanje: rabljeno, Rabljeni stroj Oprema in tehnični podatki: Premični odsesovalnik z zgornjo filtrsko vrečo Odsesovalni nastavek: 140 mm Motor: 1,1 kW, 400 V Razpoložljivost: v kratkem Ijdpfx Abjxnfflj Aotg Lokacija: Flörsheim

Stanje: rabljeno, No. 04491 Mobile Extraction Unit / Mobile Dust Extractor ESTA Dustomat HMS 10 WN Used For extracting wood dust and chips Filter type H2 for wood dust, residual dust content level 2, 0.2 mg/m³ Design type 1, suitable for extracting combustible dusts of dust explosion classes St 1 and St 2 400 V, 1.1 kW, with power cable and plug Nominal air flow rate 720 m³/h Filter area 3.5 m² Extraction pipe connection diameter 100 mm Filter cleaning by manual crank Chip container 670 x 460 mm Unit is mobile CE compliant Transport dimensions approx. 1300 x 550 x 1700 mm (L x W x H) Weight approx. 100 kg To avoid possible misunderstandings, on-site inspection by appointment is possible and recommended. Sale is made in current condition. Technical data, description of condition, year of manufacture, and scope of delivery as per manufacturer's brochure or previous owner, without guarantee. Subject to prior sale. For used machines, any warranty is excluded; the following applies: “purchased as inspected.” Payment terms: Prices plus statutory VAT, payment before collection or shipment. Delivery terms: ex stock. Iodpfxoxnqaue Ab Ajtg

Stanje: rabljeno, Nr. 04490 Mobile Extraction Unit / Mobile Dust Collector ESTA Dustomat 10 Isdpfx Abjxn Tilo Ajtg Used For extracting wood dust and chips Filter type H2 for wood dust, residual dust class 2, 0.2 mg/m³ Design type 1, for extracting combustible dusts of dust explosion classes St 1 and St 2 400 V, 1.1 kW, with power cable and plug Nominal air flow rate 720 m³/h Filter surface area 3.5 m² Extraction pipe connection diameter 100 mm Filter cleaning by hand crank Chip container 670 x 460 mm Unit is mobile CE compliant Transport dimensions approx. 1300 x 600 x 1700 mm LWH Weight approx. 100 kg To avoid possible misunderstandings, an on-site inspection by appointment is possible and recommended. Sale as is Technical data, condition description, year of construction, and scope of delivery as per manufacturer’s brochure and/or previous owner, without guarantee. Subject to prior sale. For used machines, any warranty is excluded; applies: "sold as seen". Payment terms: Prices plus statutory VAT, payment before collection or dispatch. Delivery terms: ex stock.

Stanje: rabljeno, No. 04489 Mobile Extraction Unit / Mobile Dust Extractor ESTA Dustomat 61 Used For extracting wood dust and chips Filter type H2 for wood dust, residual dust class 2, 0.2 mg/m³ Design type 1, for extracting combustible dusts in Zone 22 400 V, 3 kW, with power cable and plug Itedpfsxnprcjx Ab Aog Nominal air flow rate 1850 m³/h Extraction pipe connection diameter 160 mm Filter surface area 9.6 m² Filter cleaning by hand crank Filter dimensions approx. 720 x 510 mm Chip container 860 x 570 mm Unit is mobile CE compliant Including new spare filter Operating manual available Transport dimensions approx. 1700 x 800 x 2100 mm (LxWxH) Weight approx. 250 kg To avoid possible misunderstandings, an on-site inspection by appointment is possible and recommended. Sale in as-is condition Technical data, condition description, year of manufacture, and scope of delivery as per manufacturer brochure or previous owner, without guarantee. Subject to prior sale. For used machines, any warranty is excluded; the following applies: “sold as inspected”. Terms of payment: Prices plus statutory VAT, payment before collection or dispatch. Delivery terms: ex stock

Leto izdelave: 2024, stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Professional mobile filtration unit for welding fume extraction with high-performance extraction arm Suitable for welding processes: MMA, MIG, MAG, TIG, Plasma Cutting Extraction capacity max. 2,500 m³/h Extraction arm length: 3 m Itsdpfxovnzwzj Ab Aeg Motor power: 1.1 kW Connection voltage: 230 V / 50 Hz Sound pressure level approx. 73 dB(A) Filter area approx. 14 m² Powder-coated steel housing with wheels and handles. Digital control panel with alarm log, operating hours counter, and filter monitoring. The electronic circuit board is housed separately and protected from the airflow. High-performance fan located downstream of the filters in a dedicated sound-insulated compartment. Spark protection filter installed as standard. On request, a set of activated carbon filters (10 kg) can be installed, which is particularly required for SOV/VOC, stainless steel, and galvanized steel applications.

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2020, obratovalne ure: 750 h, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, skupna masa: 12.500 kg, Model: Zvezdasto sito Zeta Star 75DK Leto izdelave: 2020 Stanje: rabljeno Funkcionalnost: popolnoma delujoče Delovne ure: ca. 400 h Moč: 75 kW Pogon: dizelski motor Perkins Hitrost vrtenja: brezstopenjsko nastavljiva Iodpfx Abjxnbddo Astg Dimenzije (DxŠxV) raztegnjeno: 11.780 mm x 8.100 mm x 3.600 mm Dimenzije (DxŠxV) zloženo: 7.980 mm x 2.490 mm x 2.765 mm Teža: 12,5 t – Gosenice, max. hitrost 1,5 km/h – Dovajalni bunker – Daljinsko upravljanje – Izstopni transportni trak, širina 650 mm, nastavljiva višina do 2,6 m – Rotacijski presejalni trak za nadzorno frakcijo, širina 800 mm, nastavljiva višina do 3,7 m

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2025, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, volumenski pretok: 16.000 m³/h, moč: 15 kW (20,39 KM), Mobilna filtrirna enota 15 kW, odsesalna zmogljivost 16.000 m³/h za agresivne prahove s predkomornim izločevalnikom. Montaža v približno 10 minutah. Čiščenje filtrskih kartuš z impulzi stisnjenega zraka. 16 filtrovskih kartuš s površino 15,6 m², Bio razred M. Odvzem prahu z big bag vrečo. Filter je sestavljen iz dveh posameznih delov, ki ju sestavite z viličarjem. Povezava prek 6 hitrozapiralnih zaponk in 2 povezovalnih vtičev. Na zadnjo stran filtra se lahko priključi cev ali odsesovalna cev. Isdpfx Abew Ivp Nj Astg

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2025, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, volumenski pretok: 16.000 m³/h, moč: 15 kW (20,39 KM), Mobilna filtrirna enota 15 kW, odsesalna zmogljivost 16.000 m³/h za agresivne prahove s predkomornim izločevalnikom. Montaža v približno 10 minutah. Čiščenje filtrskih kartuš z impulzi stisnjenega zraka. 16 filtrovskih kartuš s površino 15,6 m², Bio razred M. Odvzem prahu z big bag vrečo. Filter je sestavljen iz dveh posameznih delov, ki ju sestavite z viličarjem. Povezava prek 6 hitrozapiralnih zaponk in 2 povezovalnih vtičev. Na zadnjo stran filtra se lahko priključi cev ali odsesovalna cev. Ijdpfxow Ivpvj Ab Aotg

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2025, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, volumenski pretok: 16.000 m³/h, moč: 15 kW (20,39 KM), Mobilna filtrirna enota 15 kW, odsesalna zmogljivost 16.000 m³/h za agresivne prahove s predkomornim izločevalnikom. Montaža v približno 10 minutah. Čiščenje filtrskih kartuš z impulzi stisnjenega zraka. 16 filtrovskih kartuš s površino 15,6 m², Bio razred M. Odvzem prahu z big bag vrečo. Filter je sestavljen iz dveh posameznih delov, ki ju sestavite z viličarjem. Povezava prek 6 hitrozapiralnih zaponk in 2 povezovalnih vtičev. Na zadnjo stran filtra se lahko priključi cev ali odsesovalna cev. Itjdpfx Abewxlygo Aeg

Stanje: rabljeno, Proizvajalec: Olsa Tip: Talilnik Volumen: 30 L Agitacija dna rezervoarja: disperzijski rotor Notranji tlak: 1 bar Manometer Senzor temperature Varnostni ventil H+ Valves (ATEX) Z dvojnim plaščem: Ijdpfx Abex R D Ers Ajtg Tlak vode: 4 bar Tlak pare: 4 bar Material: nerjaveče jeklo Moč: 1,5 kW Hitrost motorja: 3000 obr/min Električna napetost: 220 V Ogrevanje: zunanji vir

Stanje: rabljeno, Tip: Talilnik Notranji premer: 40 cm Uporabna višina: 38 cm Uporabna prostornina: 45 l Zaprta plaščna konstrukcija z vgrajenimi grelnimi elementi: dno + plašč rezervoarja Najvišja dovoljena temperatura rezervoarja: 280 °C Itsdpfx Abex R Dflo Asg Tlak: 4 / -1 bar Pnevmatski izpustni ventil Temperature senzor (T°C) Termični regulator Izolacija Manometer: vpihavanje zraka.

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, moč: 250 kW (339,91 KM), vrsta goriva: električni, barva: rdeča, skupna masa: 68.000 kg, zavore: drugo, Leto izdelave: 2026, General Makina 03 Serija drobilnik je popolnoma premična, prenosna naprava za drobljenje in sejanje kamna. Naše mobilne drobilne naprave serije GNR, ki jih uporabljajo naše stranke po vsem svetu, so sedaj na voljo z neposredno dobavo iz zaloge. GNR 03 mobilna drobilna naprava, ena izmed teh enot, dosega kapaciteto 250 - 350 ton/uro v popolnoma mobilnem sistemu kot najzmogljivejša v svojem razredu. Omogoča proizvodnjo agregata v 4 različnih frakcijah. Izpostavljene značilnosti: - Učinkovito drobi kamen različnih trdot (mehka / srednja / trda) - Ustreza mednarodnim in domačim prevoznim standardom, enostavna za transport - Hitro postavitev in zagon, opremljena s hidravličnim sistemom - Lokalno osebje priučijo naši strokovni tehniki za upravljanje in nadzor stroja - Z General Makina strokovno podporo imate na voljo splošno garancijo na napravo (z izjemo obrabnih delov) ter doživljenjsko možnost nakupa rezervnih delov Standardna dodatna oprema: - Obvodni sistem - Magnetni separator - Generator - Sistem za odstranjevanje prahu Isdswxt U Sopfx Ab Aetg - Sistem za frekvenčno regulacijo - Krmilna omara z klimatizacijo Kontaktirajte nas za ostale mobilne drobilne enote in rešitve po meri.

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, moč: 11 kW (14,96 KM), vrsta goriva: električni, Leto izdelave: 2026, YM 1240 Mobilna postaja za sejanje in pranje General Makina – pralna in sejalna postaja je zasnovana za maksimalno enostavnost in omogoča izvajanje vseh operacij v enem sistemu kot rezultat 35 let izkušenj. Vsa dela opravi sama, zgolj na enem mehanizmu, v 30 minutah. Naše mobilne postaje za sejanje in pranje so med našimi najbolj iskanimi stroji. Možnosti dodatne opreme: - Gosenice s daljinskim upravljanjem Isdpowhmx Asfx Ab Astg - Uvožena sita iz reed žice in orodje za napenjanje - Nastavljivi hitrostni trak - Dieselski agregat General Makina je s certifikatoma ISO 9001 in CE priznan proizvajalec pralnih in sejalnih postaj za domači in tuji trg.

Leto izdelave: 2026, stanje: novo, Screening plant for wood chip screening Design: stationary or semi-mobile New production Screening capacity: approx. 20 - 40 m³/h (depending on model) Comprising: - Vibrating feeder bunker type AVB - Screening machine type ASM - Subframe / hook lift (optional) - Conveyor belt type MFB - Electrical installation Function and operation: The wood chips are loaded into the vibrating feeder bunker with a wheel loader. They are then fed onto the vibrating screening machine type ASM. The screening machine separates the wood chips into three size fractions (oversize, chips, dust). The discharge of the fractions is handled by conveyor belts. Depending on the model, the screening plant achieves a capacity of 20 to 40 m³/h for wood chips. Advantages: - High screening capacity - High separation precision - Low noise and low maintenance Itodpein Ewlofx Ab Aeg - Flexible application - Custom manufacturing Do you require further information? Contact us! We will be happy to advise you.

Leto izdelave: 2026, stanje: novo, Screening plant for loading wood pellets, semi-mobile Custom-built Screening capacity: 10 - 50 t/h (depending on configuration) Comprising: - Trough belt conveyor type TFB - Screening machine type ASM - Conveyor belt type MFB incl. magnetic separator - Loading fitting // MODULFLEX loader - Tubular screw conveyor (optional) - Deduster (optional) Functional description and operation: Pellets are fed into the trough belt conveyor (including hopper extension) using a wheel loader. The pellets then pass onto the vibration screening machine type ASM. The screening machine separates the pellets into two size fractions (pellets and dust). The screened pellets are loaded into the silo vehicle via a trough belt conveyor and loading equipment. Thanks to the integrated level sensor in the loading fitting, the unit shuts off automatically when the silo vehicle is sufficiently filled. The dust fractions are discharged by means of a screw conveyor. To minimize dust emissions, the screening unit can be equipped with an additional deduster type NE. The screening plant's capacity (depending on configuration) ranges from 10 to 50 t/h (70 m³/h) for wood pellets. Benefits: - High screening capacity - Precise separation efficiency Itedpfx Abjiux Tfs Asg - Low noise and low maintenance - Flexible application - Customized manufacturing Need more information? Contact us! We will be happy to advise you.

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Professional mobile tank for storage and distribution of diesel fuel / light heating oil from the renowned German manufacturer Rietbergwerke GmbH & Co. KG. Robust galvanized steel construction, adapted for forklift transport. The tank is equipped with a 24V electric pump from HORN GmbH and a fuel dispensing nozzle. Iedpfx Abjy Nm Rnj Ajtg Ideal for: • Farms • Workshops • Transport companies • Construction sites • Fuel storage for machines and equipment Technical data: • Manufacturer: Rietbergwerke GmbH & Co. KG • Tank capacity: 250 L • Year of manufacture: 1993 • Hazard class: A III • Test pressure: 3 bar • Fuel pump: HORN GmbH • Pump power supply: 24V • Power: 132 W • Current: 5.5 A • Maximum delivery height: 6 m • For diesel and light heating oil • Dispensing nozzle + hoses • Protective housing • Forklift transportable • Galvanized steel construction Condition: Used item. Shows normal signs of use and wear due to age and operation. Visual condition and completeness as shown in the photos. Included: • 250L tank • 24V pump • Hoses • Dispensing nozzle • Transport frame.

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Na prodaj profesionalni mobilni industrijski označevalnik FlyMarker XL. Ročna naprava za trajno označevanje kovinskih delov s točkovno tehnologijo dot peen. Model FlyMarker XL Napajanje 24 V DC Upravljanje preko vgrajenega zaslona in tipkovnice Samostojno delovanje brez potrebe po priklopu na računalnik Proizvajalec Nemčija Tehnično stanje dobro, naprava se vklopi in deluje. Zaslon in tipkovnica sta brezhibna. Vizualno stanje rabljeno, običajni znaki uporabe. Uporaba Označevanje serijskih številk Tehnične in proizvodne oznake Označevanje jekla, aluminija in drugih kovin V kompletu Označevalnik FlyMarker XL Napajalnik Kabli Natanko to, kar je na slikah Itedpfjyhnu Dex Ab Aeg Možna pošiljka ali osebni prevzem. Za vprašanja sem na voljo.

Leto izdelave: 2006, stanje: nepreverjeno (rabljeno), Funkcionalnost: nepreverjeno, številka stroja/vozila: 42394, Brez minimalne cene – zagotovljena prodaja najvišji ponudbi! Pregled ponudbe zavezuje k pravočasnemu prevzemu med 23.06.2026 in 26.06.2026! TEHNIČNI PODATKI Dimenzije odlagalne površine: 250 mm x 250 mm PODROBNOSTI STROJA Isdpsy D Nl Dsfx Ab Ajtg Obratovalna napetost: 230 V Frekvenca: 50/60 Hz Nazivni tok: 2,5 A Dimenzije in teža Dimenzije (D x Š x V): 250 x 250 x 130 mm Teža: 20 kg Zunanja referenca: 77

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Edge cutting device Isdpfxswiwnqe Ab Aetg Working height: 800 mm Dimensions (L x W x H) approx.: 1,060 x 720 x 930 mm Compressed air connection: 6 bar Weight approx.: 120 kg Cutter included

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2007, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, skupna dolžina: 1.500 mm, skupna širina: 600 mm, skupna višina: 1.000 mm, vhodna napetost: 400 V, skupna masa: 183 kg, vrsta vhodnega toka: trifazni, moč: 2,63 kW (3,58 KM), Lisec zamrzovalna naprava KHB-30 za robote za zatesnjevanje in ročno zatesnjevanje, letnik 2007, v dobrem delovnem stanju. Polna obremenitvena moč: 3,7 A. Napajalna napetost: 3/N/PE 400 V, 50 Hz. Itjdpfjyxm Hhox Ab Aeg

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2026, številka stroja/vozila: 65954, nosilnost: 225 kg, dvižna višina: 162.000 mm, dolžina platforme: 1.500 mm, širina platforme: 800 mm, skupna masa: 7.820 kg, gradbena višina: 2.100 mm, naslednji pregled (TÜV): 03/2027, vrsta goriva: električni, stanje pnevmatik: 100 odstotek, stanje pogona: 100 odstotek, barva: rdeča, Oprema: UVV varnostni pregled, Nova naprava, še ni bila v uporabi Iedoy Rtddepfx Ab Aetg

Stanje: novo, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Leto izdelave: 2022, The Matest C313N is a laboratory freeze-thaw and climate chamber primarily used for building materials testing – particularly to investigate the behavior of concrete, cement, aggregates, and other materials under varying temperature and humidity conditions. Main areas of application: - Simulation of freeze-thaw cycles (e.g., testing concrete samples for resistance to thermal cycling). Itedpfxey R D D Uj Ab Asg - Durability testing of construction materials according to standards (e.g., EN 1367-1). - Accelerated aging and climate tests under various environmental conditions. Features: ✔ Control of two parameters: temperature and humidity. ✔ Temperature range: approx. -30°C to +70°C. ✔ Humidity range: 20–95% (±1% accuracy within the relevant temperature range). ✔ Programmable cycles: up to 50 programs and 100 segments configurable. ✔ 5" color display: real-time clock and optional data logging via PC connection. ✔ Stainless steel interior and exterior housing for long service life. Fields of application: - Freeze-thaw cycle testing on concrete and building materials: demonstrates how the material may crack or be damaged by thermal cycling. - Quality control of construction materials under laboratory conditions. - Environmental and climate testing, where precise control of temperature and humidity is required.