Brandt Stroj Za Lepljenje Robnega Traku Za Oblikovane Dele nakup rabljenega (87.453)

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 1993, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Stroji za lepljenje robov KTD51 za profilne letve in ravne robove, z neposrednim nanosom lepila. Minimalna dolžina obdelovanca 160 mm, debelina obdelovanca 10–40 mm, debelina roba 0,5–1 mm, notranji radij približno 25 mm. Letnik 1993, podajanje nastavljivo 4–9 m/min, 2,6 kW, 400 V. Kedpfxevf H I Ts Al Nsdk

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2001, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, MA HKA ročni robni lepilni stroj v popolnoma delujočem stanju. Stroj za lepljenje robov za oblikovane dele Različne pnevmatske cevi so bile pravkar v celoti zamenjane. Debelina roba: 0,4 - 3 mm Debelina plošče: 16 - 45 mm Dovod trakov: 20 - 50 mm Priključna moč: 2,6 kW Minimalni zunanji radij: odvisen od upogibnosti robnega materiala Minimalni notranji radij: 150 mm, odvisno od lastnosti materiala Z nosilcem in vzmetno natezno oporo Vakuumska vpenjalna miza s 4 preklopnimi območji Kedpfx Alex H Un Ao Njdk Valji, vakuumske podlage (dodatno novi gumijasti kompleti) za vakuumsko mizo

Stanje: rabljeno, Izrast stojala: 420 mmStalen podajalni pomik: ca. 6 m/minPogonski električni motor: 25 W, 190 V=Priključna napetost: 110 - 235 V, 50 - 60 HzSkupna priključna moč: 110 WKr Milina glava: ca. 75 WNeto teža: ca. 22 kg s nožnim pedalomSkladiščna lokacija: Nattheim Kjdpfxex Upgce Al Nedk

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2019, številka stroja/vozila: NR: 220.10.029.19, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, moč: 15 kW (20,39 KM), vhodna napetost: 400 V, vhodni tok: 28 A, vhodna frekvenca: 50 Hz, vrsta vhodnega toka: trifazni, višina obdelovanca (maks.): 60 mm, Oprema: CE označba, dokumentacija / priročnik, Naprodaj visokokakovostni robni lepilni stroj Format4 Tempora 60.06 EL – takoj pripravljen za delo! Dvignite svojo proizvodnjo na višjo raven s tem malo rabljenim robnim lepilnim strojem Format4 Tempora 60.06 EL v odličnem stanju. Stroj je zasnovan za industrijsko uporabo in zagotavlja izjemno natančnost ter popolno površino vsake plošče. - Visokonatančno avtomatsko lepljenje robov - Enota za predrezkanje za popolno pripravo roba - Zanesljiv in konstanten sistem lepljenja - Popolna obdelava: porezovanje, rezkanje, poliranje - Enostavno upravljanje in zanesljivo delovanje Vključene dodatne opreme: - Rdeč zračni rezervoar (kot je prikazano na fotografijah) - Dodatni ogrevani posoda za lepilo – idealna za hitro menjavo različnih barv lepila Stroj je skrbno vzdrževan, zelo malo rabljen in popolnoma operativen – pripravljen za neposredno uporabo v proizvodnji. Kdodpey Dg N Tsfx Al Nsk Stroj je na voljo zaradi reorganizacije obrata. Za več podrobnosti ali ogled nas kontaktirajte.

Stanje: nepreverjeno (rabljeno), Funkcionalnost: nefunkcionalno, Industrijski CO₂ ploščni laserski resonator Rofin DC 025 Proizvajalec: Rofin Tip: DC 025 Obratovalna moč: neznana Nazivna moč: 2500 W Območje moči: pribl. 250 – 2500 W Tip laserja: CO₂ plošča (difuzijsko hlajen) Vzbujevalni način: visoka frekvenca (HF) Način delovanja: neprekinjen (CW) + pulzni način Kdjdpfx Aley Dubdj Nek Parametri žarka Valovna dolžina: 10,6 µm Premer žarka: < 25 mm Kakovost žarka (K-faktor): > 0,8 Divergenca: < 0,5 mrad Stabilnost: ±2 % (v 24 urah) Dimenzije (D × Š × V): pribl. 1700 × 800 × 850 mm Teža: pribl. 500 kg

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2007, Edge thickness: 0.2 - 12 mm Workpiece thickness: 8 - 52 mm Minimum workpiece width: 70 mm Minimum workpiece length: 150 mm Automatic edge magazine Jointing milling unit: 2 x 1.5 kW, controlled feed End trimming unit: 2 x 0.3 kW Flush milling unit: 2 x 0.7 kW, one-sided tracing Ksdslc Ewiepfx Al Nedk Fine milling unit: 2 x 0.35 kW, tiltable at 15/30/45 degrees Fine milling unit: 2 x 0.3 kW, R=2, double-sided tracing Corner copying unit: 2 x 0.3 kW Scraper unit, automatically controlled Surface scraper unit with fine adjustment feature Buffing unit: 2 x 0.2 kW, oscillating 5-way spraying system (2 x separating agent, 1 x lubricant, 2 x cleaning agent) Color touch screen control OTT C3 Motorized height adjustment Feed speed: 10 - 14 m/min Infinitely variable feed speed COMBI MELT gluing unit for EVA/PUR, hopper volume 1.5 l CE marking Total connected load: 12.6 kW Dimensions (L x W x H) approx.: 6120 x 840 x 1500 mm Weight approx.: 2,900 kg

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 1996, Torsion-free C-frame construction made from steel Standard heating system Kedpfx Aleg Nn E Ns Njdk Disc system with tolerance compensation for different veneer thicknesses Regulation of heating output in stationary and mobile operation Thread breaking roller Throat depth: 920 mm Feed rate: approx. 20 m/min Veneer thickness: approx. 0.4 - 2.0 mm Operating voltage: 400 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase Total connected load: 0.97 kVA Includes gluing reel & operating manual Dimensions (L x W x H): approx. 1280 x 580 x 1470 mm Weight: 220 kg Note on Used Machinery: • Subject to technical changes and prior sale. • Stated prices are ex location - free loading! • Machines have been cleaned and functionally tested. • All machines are sold as inspected, without any guarantee or warranty claims. Buyers are welcome to inspect the machines at the location. • Special agreements are only valid in written form. (We only respond to inquiries containing your address & telephone number!)

Stanje: rabljeno, maks. debelina furnirja: 2,0 mm min. debelina furnirja: 0,4 mm Material za spajanje: lepilna nit z ogrevanjem s toplim zrakom Potreben stisnjen zrak: da Diskična plošča: da Za transport furnirja preko mize za furnir Upravljanje preko nožnega pedala Tip stroja: stoječi model Hitrost podajanja: 7 m/min Doseg roke: 900 mm Teža cca: 185 kg Dimenzije: 1400 x 500 x 1680 mm Kdodpjxgqmxjfx Al Njk Lokacija zaloge: Nattheim

Leto izdelave: 1992, stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), številka stroja/vozila: 3704, Napetost: 220 // Hz: 50 S PEDALOM Kdedoyyv R Sepfx Al Nsk

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2016, Industrial Automatic Edge Banding Machine SOLUTION XD MAIN FEATURES "E TOUCH" CONTROL WITH AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING: OPERATE THE MACHINE WITH JUST ONE "TOUCH" STANDARD PRESSURE UNIT WITH DRIVE BELT FOR OPTIMAL PANEL GUIDANCE EDGE BANDING OF ROLL MATERIAL, STRIP EDGES, AND SOLID WOOD EDGES GENERAL FEATURES Single-sided edge banding machine in left-hand configuration for processing roll material and strip edges using all conventional hot-melt adhesives. The base frame consists of a robust welded steel stand with increased rigidity, providing optimal support for the processing units. The top pressure ensures a stable hold with a thick-walled steel profile and dual trapezoidal drive belt, which is automatically positioned according to panel thickness. Height adjustment with indicator at the top pressure and on the operator surface. Manual workpiece infeed system with large-scale work line and enlarged support area facilitates the insertion of large workpieces. Adjustable infeed fence with two positions and automatic selection for processing with or without pre-milling. Working units attached to the pressure beam and mechanically linked to ensure automatic setting when changing panel thickness. Lower working units attached to the machine frame or longitudinal beam for precise reference to the panel. All high-frequency motors are equipped with frequency inverters for optimal flexibility and improved production times; each unit is equipped with its own inverter. Extraction hood for all units positioned after the gluing station. Polycarbonate viewing windows provide a clear view of the units during processing. Interior lighting with sound-absorbing material for reduced noise emissions. Spacer at the infeed fence allows material to be fed into the machine at the correct distance. The distance adjusts automatically to the selected feed speed. Swiveling control panel, positioned at the infeed, is adjustable for ergonomic operation. The electrical system complies with current regulations. Electrical components are housed in a metal enclosure mounted on the machine frame, equipped with doors for convenient access during maintenance. Standard voltage is 400 V EU 50 Hz (with neutral conductor). Material feed is via a feed chain with 80 mm wide rubberized nylon chain plates for optimal guidance and high precision. The chain runs on two guides made of hardened and ground steel – one round and one flat – to ensure straight feeding and prevent lateral displacement. Automatic lubrication of the chain; the control system adjusts the amount of oil according to the number of processed panels. External roller conveyor positioned along the entire machine length; equipped with a retractable system extendable up to 650 mm (for panels up to 1200 mm maximum width). E-TOUCH PC control system enables fast and easy execution of main functions, including: – Processing of programs in "Just in Time" mode – Possibility of management via parts lists Kjdpoxy Tm Iefx Al Nodk – Management options through ...

Leto izdelave: 2005, stanje: rabljeno, Tehnične podrobnosti: Nosilnost v kg: 230 kg Kdsdpfsyzhnljx Al Nek

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2026, številka stroja/vozila: MH-FJ-1A, Stroj za zapiranje kartonov VOGEL MH-FJ-1A ima sistem stranskega pogonskega traku in dodatni pogonski trak v zgornjem delu stroja. Prednost je v stabilnosti – visoke kartone tako ni mogoče prevrniti na stran. Formati kartonov: Dolžina 150 – ∞ mm Kdsdjy Drplopfx Al Nsk Širina 120 – 480 mm Višina: 120 – 480 mm Tehnični podatki: Dolžina 1.090 mm Širina 1.050 mm Teža 200 kg Obratovalna napetost 220 V CE oznaka Dodatna oprema: Za naš program strojev za zapiranje kartonov VOGEL nudimo transportna kolesa, vhodne in izhodne mize ter valjčne steze.

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2026, številka stroja/vozila: MH-FJ-3A, Stroj za zapiranje kartonov tipa VOGEL MH-FJ-3A je opremljen z mehanizmom za zapiranje zgornjega pokrova, kar pomeni, da se kartoni lahko dovajajo v odprtem stanju. Kratki in dolgi zgornji pokrovi kartona se najprej zaprejo, nato se karton zlepi. Formati kartonov: Dolžina 150 – 600 mm Širina 115 – 490 mm Višina: 110 – 510 mm Tehnični podatki: Dolžina 1.800 mm Širina 880 mm Teža 300 kg Obratovalna napetost 220 V Kodpfx Aoy Drnuel Nsdk Zrak 5 kg/cm2 CE-certifikat POMEMBNO: Za delovanje stroja je potrebna dovod komprimiranega zraka, ki ni vključen v dobavo. Dodatna oprema: Za našo linijo VOGEL strojev za zapiranje kartonov ponujamo kolesa, vhodne in izhodne mize ter valjčne proge.

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2026, številka stroja/vozila: MH-FJ-1AWS_1, Stroj za zapiranje kartonov tipa VOGEL MH-FJ-1AWS je opremljen s stranskim pogonskim trakom. Stroj je posebej zasnovan za manjše formate kartonov. Formati kartonov: Dolžina 160 – ∞ mm Širina 90 – 320 mm Kjdpfx Aoy Drlgsl Nedk Višina: 60 – 280 mm Tehnični podatki: Dolžina 1.090 mm Širina 890 mm Teža 85 kg Obratovalna napetost 220 V CE oznaka Dodatna oprema: Za naš program zapiranja kartonov VOGEL nudimo dodatno vodilna kolesca, vhodne in izhodne mize ter valjčne proge.

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2026, številka stroja/vozila: YS501X, The VOGEL YS501X ECONOMIC carton sealing machine is our recommendation, especially for larger carton formats that need to be sealed in series production. Carton formats: Length: 150 – ∞ mm Width: 150 – 500 mm Height: 140 – 560 mm Technical data: Operating voltage: 220 V CE marking Accessories: For our VOGEL carton sealer range, we offer casters, infeed and outfeed tables, and roller conveyors. Kdjdpfx Asy Dri Sel Nsk Our YS501X ECONOMIC carton sealer is a cost-effective solution for securely sealing larger size cartons. Two lateral conveyor belts transport your cartons safely through the carton sealer. The carton width is adjusted mechanically using a hand crank. Height adjustment on this machine is particularly quick and easy: simply release the upper taping head and set it to the desired height. Due to the mechanical format adjustments, this machine is designed for series production, where cartons of the same size are sealed over a longer period. The carton flaps must be folded down manually before feeding them into the machine. This machine is designed for adhesive tapes with a 76 mm core diameter and 50 mm width. We recommend using machine tape rolls with more meters per roll (compared to hand rolls) – this way, you can operate longer without needing to change the tape! Both PP & PVC adhesive tapes as well as eco-friendly paper tapes can be used. The taping heads can be easily removed to change the tape rolls. This feature can also be utilized if you only want to seal the top of the cartons (keyword: auto-bottom boxes). Naturally, this machine also bears the CE mark.

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2026, številka stroja/vozila: YS501X-1, The VOGEL YS501X ECONOMIC carton sealing machine is our recommendation, especially for larger carton formats that need to be sealed in series production. Kjdsy Drdpjpfx Al Njdk Carton formats: Length: 150 – ∞ mm Width: 150 – 500 mm Height: 140 – 560 mm Technical data: Operating voltage: 220 V CE marking Accessories: For our VOGEL carton sealer range, we offer casters, infeed and outfeed tables, and roller conveyors. Our YS501X ECONOMIC carton sealer is a cost-effective solution for securely sealing larger size cartons. Two lateral conveyor belts transport your cartons safely through the carton sealer. The carton width is adjusted mechanically using a hand crank. Height adjustment on this machine is particularly quick and easy: simply release the upper taping head and set it to the desired height. Due to the mechanical format adjustments, this machine is designed for series production, where cartons of the same size are sealed over a longer period. The carton flaps must be folded down manually before feeding them into the machine. This machine is designed for adhesive tapes with a 76 mm core diameter and 50 mm width. We recommend using machine tape rolls with more meters per roll (compared to hand rolls) – this way, you can operate longer without needing to change the tape! Both PP & PVC adhesive tapes as well as eco-friendly paper tapes can be used. The taping heads can be easily removed to change the tape rolls. This feature can also be utilized if you only want to seal the top of the cartons (keyword: auto-bottom boxes). Naturally, this machine also bears the CE mark.

Leto izdelave: 2025, stanje: kot nova (razstavni stroj), Parts Cleaning Machine, Spray Cleaning System Type L800FP Fully automatic hot water parts washing machine with basket drive via gear motor, system housing made of stainless steel 1.4301, pipelines and rotating basket made of galvanized steel, special nozzle system with stainless steel flat spray nozzles, wash pump made of stainless steel (manufacturer: Xylem/Lowara), level control as dry-run protection. - Basket diameter: 780 mm - Usable height: 500 mm Ksdpfx Asfzblqjl Nsdk - Max. load weight: 150 kg - Spray pressure: 3 bar - Tank capacity: 120 liters - Heating: electrically adjustable (RT - 60°C) - Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 1,160 x 1,200 x 1,750 mm - Suction filter for pump protection Delivery: ex works, FCA

Leto izdelave: 2012, stanje: dober (rabljeno), Year of manufacture: 2012 Film width: 50 mm Product size range, min. (mm): 50 x 40 x 5 Product size, max. (W x H in mm): 330 x 160 Ksdpfxoiqfkwe Al Nedk

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 1996, Debelina roba: 0,4 - 12 mm Rob valja: 3 x 45 mm oz. 0,8 - 60 mm Minimalna širina obdelovanca: 65 mm Minimalna dolžina obdelovanca: 160 mm Debelina obdelovanca: 10 - 55 mm Podajanje: 13 m/min Predrezkanje (spajanje) Lepilna kad Quickmelt Lepilni del Obarjanje Poravnalno rezkanje Poševno rezkanje Polmerno rezkanje Kopiranje robov Ravno strgalo Polirni agregat Dimenzije stroja: 7450 x 1220 x 2400 mm Teža: 3000 kg Lokacija skladišča: Nattheim Ksdpfx Alovvkd To Nodk

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2009, HOLZ-HER edge banding machine CONTRIGA 1366 Edge thickness: 0.4–30 mm (depending on equipment) Edge height: 51/66 mm (depending on equipment) Panel thickness: 6–45/60 mm (depending on equipment) Edge types: Coil and strip material Feed speeds: Infinitely variable feed from 12–30 m/min (depending on equipment) Features: Kjdsvvkfdopfx Al Nodk - Adjustable infeed table in magazine area (max. adjustment range 30 mm) - Height-adjustable magazine plate for lower edge overhang adjustment - Large magazine plate Ø 820 mm for edge rolls up to Ø 800 mm - Transport chain including automatic central lubrication - Motorized, position-controlled bridge height adjustment - Pneumatic locking roller for processing shortest workpiece intervals - Extendable workpiece support (extension up to 1600 mm) - Space-saving, pneumatically controlled sliding hoods over the complete machine (deviations possible for certain units) - Motorized infeed fence - Lubrication injector for all joints and pins (including hour counter) - Central extraction connection (2x Ø 200 mm) - Integrated chip collection box at machine end (in conjunction with radius scraper unit) Control PPC 231 - Power PC for efficient setup and changeover - 15" SVGA touchscreen display - CF memory card 128 MB - On-board USB port - Ethernet network interface - On-board keyboard connector - Windows-like user interface - Plain text and/or graphic information - Rotatable, tiltable control panel at eye level - Dust-proof membrane keypad with softkeys (push buttons) - LED indicator for unit preselection - Program list with program names and numbers - Comprehensive program memory - Individual unit selection with basic settings for setpoints, positions and tool corrections as well as fixed position points - Setup processes for units and axis adjustments centrally and clearly via fine adjustment (depending on equipment) - Interval display for shortest workpiece distance - Integrated distance control; positions controlled globally and/or program-specific - Comprehensive and complete operating data acquisition - Service messages in plain text - Diagnostic system - Integrated synchro-bus system for high-precision unit control - Individual management for up to ten users including password protection - Online maintenance (optional), data exchange with HOLZ-HER service - Barcode interface (optional) BASE MACHINE CONTRIGA 1366 - belt bridge Options and accessories for the base machine: Spray unit 1856 for entry and exit section: For infeed: Electronically controlled parting agent spray unit with Riepe-LPZ/II parting agent For outfeed: Electronically controlled cleaning agent spray unit with Riepe-LP163/93 cleaning agent (only in conjunction with jointing cutter unit 1961 and surface scraper 1964) Jointing cutter unit Jointing station 1803 (2x 2.6 kW, 200 Hz, 12000 rpm) With two electronically controlled cutter units - 1 unit counter-rotation - 1 unit co-rotation - 5 mm plunge depth - Static frequency inverter 200 Hz - Without router tool - With ProLock quick-change tool holder Tooling for 1803 (workpiece height up to 60 mm) Diamond cutters PRO UT, 2 pcs (front and rear), incl. protect. hoods Ø 100–63, Ø 30 mm, Z = 3 + 3 + 3, 1 left-hand, 1 right-hand Noise-reduced cutters with integrated chip guidance DFC technology (Leitz system) Max. chip removal: 2 mm at 60 mm workpiece height [Text continues] If you need the rest of the translation or a tailored summary, please let me know.

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2002, Dolžina stroja: 6240 mm Teža: 2400 kg Priključna moč: 14 kW Premer odsesovanja: 120 / 140 mm Lokacija skladišča: Nattheim Kdjdpfx Alevvkfwj Nsk

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2011, pnevmatska nastavitev rezkarja (ravno/radij) Kombinirana rezkarska postaja R=2 Rezkar zaokroževanja robov R= 2 do 40 mm Spojni rezkar do 40 mm Ravno strgalo Profilno strgalo R = 2 Kratki obdelovanci SPS krmiljenje z zaslonom na dotik Pro Face Gnezdenje Hlajenje/antistatično pršenje - airtronic Zaščitno pršenje roba Riepe z vključenim zamenljivim rezervoarjem Debelina obdelovanca 8 - 60 mm Mehanska pritrditev roba Odvzemna odprtina: 140 mm Dimenzije: Dolžina z izpostavo: 4984 mm Globina z valjčno mizo: 1425 mm Največja višina: 1618 mm Višina delovne mize: 888 mm Teža: 1400 kg Lokacija skladišča: Nattheim Kedpfxexyiile Al Nsdk

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 1999, Višina roba: 10 - 60 mm Debelina roba: 0,4 - 3 mm Minimalni radij krivulje: 20 mm Hitrost podajanja: 2 - 18 / 4 - 14 m/min. Motor: 5,2 kW Zračni tlak: 6 bar Dimenzije: 900 x 1300 x 1200 mm Teža: pribl. 350 kg Lokacija skladišča: Nattheim Kodpfx Aeymcrbol Nedk

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), ENOSTRANSKA ROBNA LEPILKA (Leva) Debelina roba na kolutu (min/max) mm 0,3 / 3 Debelina roba v letvicah / trakcih (min/max) mm 0,4 / 20 Debelina plošče (min/max) mm 8 / 60 NOV (v 2024) krmilni sistem Numerical Control EDGETEQ MOD - Power Touch (WoodCommander) Podajalna hitrost do 25 m/min Uvajalni sistem EZ 14 Razpršilna enota (za tekoči premaz proti sprijemanju) Nastavljivo vodilno letev upravljano s CNC Enota za obrezovanje 2 x Kw 3 Lepilna enota (P.U.R. lepilo + predtalilnik) Kedpfx Ajyyvp Uol Nedk Cona za pritisk roba (CNC upravljanje) Magazin za robove v kolutih (predal št. 2) Kapa agregat HL 84 (2 x Kw 0,5 približno) Pnevmatsko nihanje in nastavitev Predrezalna enota BF 20 (2 x Kw 1,5 približno) Multifunkcijska enota (radiusno in oblikovno rezkanje) FK 11 (2 x Kw 0,4 približno) Profilni potezni noži Finish enota (ravni potezni noži + polirna enota) FA 11 203019) Št. 1 sistem za vračanje "LIGMATECH" Mod. ZHR 541/L/095 (s portalskim mostom in 360° vrtljivo sesalno glavo)

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), KATALOŠKA ŠTEVILKA 7729 TEHNIČNI PODATKI Oprema: - krožnik za trak - rezervoar za lepilo (granulat) - podajalnik traku Kodpfx Aoya Hnasl Nedk - giljotina – predhodno rezanje robnega traku - dva pritisna valja - minimalna širina obdelovanca 50 mm - debelina obdelovanca 10-40 mm - minimalni notranji polmer 50 mm - lepljenje pod kotom z robnim trakom debeline 1 mm, 0-45° - debelina robnega traku 0,3-3 mm - električni pomik - skupna moč 2 kW - tlak stisnjenega zraka 6-7 bar - dimenzije d/š/v 1700x1300x1550 mm - teža 310 kg PREDNOSTI – slovenska proizvodnja – nelakirana – DTR dokumentacija – zelo dobro ohranjena – rabljeni robni lepilni stroj Cena brez DDV: 6500 PLN Cena brez DDV: 1550 EUR glede na tečaj 4,2 EUR (Cene se lahko spreminjajo glede na večja nihanja tečajev)