Emmes 3000 nakup rabljenega (5.299)

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2025, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Tlak: 125 t Upogibna dolžina: 3000 mm Razdalja med stebri: 3100 mm Krmiljenje: Cybelec VisiTouch 24MX Hod: 300 mm Vgradna višina: 500 mm Hitri pomik dol: 200 mm/s Hitrost upogibanja: 0-12 mm/s Skupna priključna moč: 15 kW Teža stroja pribl.: 11.500 kg Dimenzije: 4080 x 3110 x 1800 mm Standardna oprema: Osnovna oprema: - CNC krmiljenje Cybelec CybTouch 15 - Osi: Y1-Y2-X-R - Popolnoma dinamičen bombirni sistem - Sistem za kompenzacijo elastičnosti okvirja – G-REFLEX - Zadnji prislon, model GHP-4 Hsdpfx Agox Sq Hlsxsl - Glavni motor s servopogonom - LED prikazovalnik na pritiskalni gredi za vizualizacijo pozicije prislona - Varnostni sistem: DSP AP+MCS - HAWE hidravlični sistem - CE standard - Mehanska pritrditev zgornjega in spodnjega orodja v sistemu PROMECAM

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2026, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Pritisk: 250 t Dolžina upogibanja: 3100 mm Razdalja med stebri: 2600 mm Krmiljenje: Cybelec VisiTouch 24 Hod: 300 mm Izvleček: 500 mm Vgradna višina: 500 mm Hitri pomik navzdol: 175 mm/s Hitrost upogibanja: 0-12 mm/s Skupna priključna moč: 22 kW Teža stroja cca.: 13.000 kg Dimenzije: 3900 x 2150 x 3360 mm Standardna oprema: Hodpfx Agjylwm Rsxjl Osnovna oprema: - CNC krmiljenje Cybelec Visitouch 24 - 6+1 osi: Y1-Y2-X-R-Z1-Z2 +V - Avtomatiziran dinamični hidravlični bombirni sistem: G-CS - Sistem za kompenzacijo okvirnega upogiba – G-REFLEX - Zadnji prislon model GHP-4 - Glavni motor s servopogonom - LED prikazovalnik na premskem nosilcu za vizualizacijo pozicioniranja prislona - Varnostni sistem: DSP AP+MCS - HAWE hidravlični sistem - CE standard - Mehanska zgornja in spodnja orodna vpenjala PROMECAM sistem

Stanje: rabljeno, Dolžina reza: 3000 mm Višina reza: nastavljiva 0 - 45 mm Žagin sklop: 1,8 kW Lokacija skladiščenja: Nattheim Hsdpfxsy Hrzae Agxel

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2016, vpenjalna sila: 6.500 kN, Spannkraft: 650 t Schneckendurchmesser: 80 mm Schussgewicht: 1170 g Abstand zwischen den Holmen (vertikal): 960 mm Abstand zwischen den Holmen (horizontal): 1110 mm Schussvolumen: 1.284 cm³ Maschinentyp: Horizontal Antrieb: Hydraulisch --- Spritzgießmaschine – KM 650 GX Einspritzeinheit: SP 3000 Schneckendurchmesser: 80 mm Schließeinheit Klemmkraft: 6500 kN Hsdpsy Eyxdsfx Agxsl Werkzeughaltekraft: 455 kN Plattenmaße (H × V): 1.540 × 1.440 mm Holmenabstand (H × V): 1.110 × 960 mm Max. Werkzeughöhe: 1.450 mm Werkzeugeinbauhöhe (min./max.): 450 / 1.000 mm Öffnungshub: 1.000 mm Auswerferhub: 250 mm Auswerferkraft (vor/zurück): 95 / 49 kN Spritzeinheit Schneckendurchmesser: 80 mm L/D-Verhältnis: 21,3 Einspritzdruck: 1.538 bar Schussvolumen: 1.284 cm³ Schussgewicht (PS): 1.170 g Einspritzrate: 141 cm³/s Einspritzgeschwindigkeit: 133 mm/s Einspritzleistung: 60 kW Plastifizierleistung (PS): 139 g/s Heizleistung installiert: 36 kW Düsenrückzugskraft: 7 kN Antrieb und Energie Installierte Pumpenleistung: 90 kW Trockencykluszeit (EUROMAP 6): 3,0777 s Trockencykluszeit (KM-Norm): 2,5555 s Maschinenmaße und Gewicht Abmessungen (L × B × H): 8,03 × 2,88 × 2,45 m Eigengewicht: 12.000 kg Max. Werkzeuggewicht: 11.000 kg Öltankkapazität: 1.180 l

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2003, Delovna višina 2300 mm, delovna širina 3500 mm, motor 1,5 kW. 3 tlačni cilindri od zgoraj, 2 s strani. Tlačna moč na valj: 3000 kg. Hod tlačnega valja do 200 mm. Hidravlika: 10–150 bar. Potrebni prostor: 3950 x 900 x 2550 mm. Teža: 670 kg. Skladišče: Nattheim. Hsdpfxevvkmbs Agxel

Stanje: rabljeno, Napetost materiala preko ročnega kolesa, največja dolžina reza 3000 mm, največja višina reza 60 mm. Lokacija skladišča: Nattheim Hedpfovvkblsx Agxjl

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2023, proizvajalec krmilnikov: Siemens, model krmilnika: 828D - ShopTurn, Opis: Hjdpfx Agey Ea Hnexjl Glavna vretena: Glava: SAMCHULLY HS-12 (12 palcev) Maksimalna hitrost vretena: 3.000 obr/min. Vpenjalna čeljust: A2-8 Moč motorja (stalno/maks.): 18,5 kW / 26 kW Maks. premer struženja x dolžina struženja: 405 mm x 956 mm Nosilec orodja (X/Z): Število orodnih mest: 12x BMT65 Maks. premer rezkanja: 433 mm Hodi (X/Z): 245 mm / 1.040 mm Hitri pomik (X/Z): 24 m/min / 30 m/min Konjiček: Premer pinole: 110 mm Hod pinole: 100 mm Oprema/dodatki: Krmiljenje: SIEMENS 828D - ShopTurn Postelja: postelja pod kotom 45°, iz enega kosa Dodatna oprema: merilna tipala za orodja (preklopno) Zaščita pred trkom: revolver z zobčenikom Hirth Leto izdelave: 2023 Teža: 5.600 kg (po tipski tablici konfiguracije) Ravnanje z odrezki: transporter za odrezke Električni priključek: 380 V / 50/60 Hz / 42 kVA

Stanje: delavnici obnovljeno (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2010, • Travels: X=3100 mm, Y=1950 mm, Z=1390 mm • Heidenhain iTNC 530 with HR 410 handwheel • Machine table for multi-sided machining: 3000 mm x 1600 mm • 2-axis NC universal drilling and milling head, suitable for simultaneous and positioning mode • Spindle: 10,000 rpm, HSK 100, 130 Nm spindle torque • Tool changer system HSK 100 / 40 stations for tools up to 750 mm long • Swarf screw conveyors in X-axis, optimized chip removal • Chip conveyor (scraper-type) for transverse discharge, make: Knoll • Coolant supply 900 l, make: Knoll • External air • ICS (internal coolant supply) 60 bar for deep hole drilling • Enclosure with safety glass panels, open top for optimized crane loading • Split sliding doors at the front • Split sliding doors on the operator side • Wireless probing system RMP 60 • Including wash gun • Including platforms on the loading and operator side • Completely factory overhauled and newly painted Hsdpfx Agey Hmhuexsl • Short delivery time upon agreement, subject to prior sale • Used machine • Y-axis ball screw replaced in September 2021, including bearings • X-axis linear guide and guide carriages replaced in July 2023 • Milling spindle overhauled May 2023 (new clamping set, new clamping cartridge, new rotary feed-through, general inspection performed) (23,105 spindle hours) • Under power for inspection in 72793 Pfullingen • Optional: clamps • Optional: commissioning/installation • Optional: transport • 23,122 total spindle hours • 53,991 total machine hours • Year of manufacture: 2010 Subject to prior sale

Stanje: dober (rabljeno), V dobrem tehničnem stanju in povsem delujoč. Hsdpoy Hr R Iofx Agxol Leto izdelave: 1981 Maks. delovna dolžina: 3000 mm Maks. debelina pločevine: 25 mm

Stanje: rabljeno, Friction washer with stainless steel housing and stainless steel rotor. Hjdsy Ia Ukjpfx Agxsl Drive motor 22 kW

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2018, Nosilnost 350 kg, minimalna višina mize 757 mm, maksimalna višina mize 1157 mm, dolžina mize 3000 mm, širina mize 1000 mm. Dolžina ca. 3010 mm, širina/globina ca. 1040 mm, višina ca. 1157 mm. Priporočena zmogljivost odsesavanja 2200 m³/h, število priključnih nastavkov 3 x 220 V, premer priključnih nastavkov 140 mm. Teža: 130 kg. Skladišče: Nattheim. Hjdpfsxnlavex Agxel

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Leto izdelave: 2001, vpenjalna sila: 3.000 kN, skupna masa: 13.900 kg, Ta 5-osni DEMAG ERGOTECH CONCEPT 3000-1450 je bila izdelana leta 2001. Ima zapiralno silo 3000 kN in maso stroja 13,9 ton. Z maksimalnim hidravličnim tlakom 190 bar in pretokom 164 l/min je ta stroj zasnovan za učinkovito delovanje. Če iščete visokokakovosten brizgalni stroj, razmislite o hidravličnem brizgalnem stroju DEMAG ERGOTECH CONCEPT 3000-1450, ki ga ponujamo v prodajo. Za več podrobnosti nas kontaktirajte. • Maks. hidravlični tlak: 190 bar • Maks. pretok: 164 l/min • Skupni tok: 181 A • Tok ogrevanja: 102 A • Pogonski tok: 79 A • Krmilni tok: 67 A Hedpfxoy Iciks Agxjl • Obratovalna napetost: 400 V • Frekvenca: 50 Hz • Certifikat: CE

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 1979, Press length: 3000 mm Hjdpfoy A Hkhex Agxjl Press depth: Press elements, vertical: 6 Press elements, horizontal: Pressure system: pneumatic Pressing pressure: per cylinder Cylinder stroke: mm Hold-down device: no Machine length: 2700 mm Machine width: 1000 mm Machine height: 1400 mm Weight:

Leto izdelave: 2011, stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), potovalna razdalja osi X: 3.000 mm, pomik osi Y: 865 mm, pomik po osi Z: 900 mm, moč vretenovega motorja: 25.000 W, največja hitrost vretena: 4.000 obr/min, obremenitev mize: 10.000 kg, število osi: 3, This 3-axis Auerbach FBE 3000 bed-type milling machine was manufactured in 2011. It features a robust clamping surface of 3100 x 800 mm, capable of supporting a maximum table load of 10,000 kg. The machine is equipped with a KFM 1 multi-position milling head and an SK 50 tool holder, delivering spindle power of 25 kW at speeds up to 4000 rpm. If you are looking for a high-quality milling machine, you should consider the Auerbach FBE 3000 that we have for sale. Please contact us for further information. • Guides and traverse paths • Flat guides on all 3 axes, coated with plastic • Distance spindle center to table surface: 98-998 mm • Milling spindle • KFM 1 multi-position milling head • Tool holder: SK 50 (DIN 69871 Form A, DIN 69872 Form A) • Drawbar clamping force: 175-180 Nm • Rated drive power (continuous, two ranges): 25 kW • Speed range 1: up to 930 • Speed range 2: up to 4000 • Max. torque: 800 Nm • Gear ratio: 1:5.6 • Table (workpiece side) • Clamping surface: 3100 × 800 mm • T-slots: 7 × 18 H12 • Alignment slot: 1 × 18 H8 mm • Slot distance: 100 mm • Feed drives and measurement • Max. feed force Z: 30,000 N • Max. feed force X/Y: 20,000 N • Feed speed: 1-10 m/min Hjdpfx Asy H Hl Tjgxsl • Rapid traverse: 15 m/min • Measuring systems: Directly encoded linear measuring systems • Hydraulics: • Operating pressure: 100 bar The tools/accessories visible in the pictures are optional!

Stanje: generalkompletno obnovljen (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 2013, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, teža obdelovanca (maks.): 800 kg, potovalna razdalja osi X: 500 mm, pomik osi Y: 350 mm, pomik po osi Z: 256 mm, GF AGIECHARMILLES CUT 3000 Year of manufacture: 2013 Travel paths: X = 500 mm, Y = 350 mm, Z = 256 mm U/V-axis travel: +/- 70 mm Maximum taper: 30° at 100 mm height Maximum workpiece dimensions: 1050 x 650 x 250 mm Maximum workpiece weight: 400/800 kg Achievable surface quality: Ra: 0.05 µm Available wire diameters: 0.05 – 0.33 mm (incl. KIT 50) Submerged wire EDM with automatic wire threading With automatically lowering tank (accessible from 2 sides) Including AGIEJOGGER handbox for convenient setup Including AGIESETUP 3D Including automatic wire changer AWC (for 2 wire spools) Including Conic-Plus option Including Fast-Threading option Including Smart-Threading option VISION 5 control AGIE IPG-V generator Dimensions (L x W x H): 2800 x 2400 x 2220 mm Net weight: 4500 kg The machine has been completely cleaned, overhauled, and thoroughly tested. Laser measurement of the axes was carried out in our facility. We are happy to perform an individual test on the CUT 3000 for you. Including user training at Techma on your overhauled machine Hjdpjy Ed Enefx Agxel Optional services available: - Transport - Commissioning - Cooling unit - Clamping tools - Consumables

Stanje: pripravljen za uporabo (rabljen), Leto izdelave: 2002, This HONESS V250-3000 was manufactured in 2002. It is a profile punching machine for pipes and sections, featuring a self-centering product clamp with interchangeable clamping jaws for various pipe types. It is capable of processing pipes up to a width of 100 mm and a height of 80 mm, with a maximum punching diameter of 40 mm. Ideal for high-speed punching operations, with a carriage travel speed of 40 m/min. Contact us for further information on this machine. • Workpiece Clamping: • Self-centering product clamp that secures the pipe from the outside • Interchangeable clamping jaws for different pipe/profile types • Adjustable clamping position for precise alignment • Workpiece Dimensions: • Maximum product width (single-sided punching): 100 mm • Maximum product height (single-sided punching): 80 mm • Max. product height for through holes: 60 mm • Max. travel distance of product clamps: 3,100 mm • Minimum distance from pipe end to first punchable hole: 30 mm • Punching Capacity: • Max. punching diameter (as supplied, through holes): Ø40 mm • Punching station: Single vertical punching cylinder • Maximum punching force: 250 kN at 220 bar operating pressure • Max. vertical stroke of the punching cylinder: 80 mm • Performance: • Max. strokes per minute: Depends on cylinder stroke setting and hole spacing • Carriage traverse speed: approx. 40 m/min Hodpfoy Hrp Rjx Agxol • Positioning repeatability: ±0.1 mm • Machine Size and Working Range: • Punching machine working area: > 3.10 m • Support table length: 3.00 m

Stanje: zelo dobro (rabljeno), Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, Dolžina 3.050 mm Širina 900 mm Višina 2.600 mm Maksimalna širina vpenjanja 2.800 mm Minimalna širina vpenjanja 390 mm Višina vpenjalnih letvic 2.300 mm Hsdoy Aydhspfx Agxjl Širina vpenjalnih letvic 100 mm Širina spodnjega valjčnega transporterja 120 mm Teža 370 kg Nosilnost 200 kg Priključek za stisnjen zrak 7 bar Poraba zraka 35 l/min

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2026, skupna masa: 1.350 kg, Najboljša kakovost 3D vrtalna miza 3000 x 1500 x 200 mm, mreža 100 mm, debelina plošče 20 mm, premer lukenj 28 mm, Planirano obdelana površina, zelo masivna, teža cca 950 kg S 6-krat nastavljivim nogam mize Hsdsx Nihispfx Agxol Cena brez dodatne opreme, doplačilo 500 € Zapakirano v leseni zaboji, povprašajte za dostavo

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2025, nosilnost: 500 kg, 3-axis turning and tilting positioners with load capacities of 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 kg, clamping plate diameters of 0.5, 0.65, 0.8, and 1.0 meters HDL 500: Hjdoulaxbepfx Agxol Minimum height: 1000 mm Maximum height: 1500 mm Clamping plate diameter: 500 mm Arm radius: 800 mm (boom) Rotation speed: 0.1 – 1 rpm These units have proven themselves in the construction and agricultural machinery sectors, commercial vehicles, material handling equipment, as well as in the aerospace and energy industries. Ideal for welding, assembly, machining, etc. With their stable and robust construction, flexible three-axis positioning (including overhead positions), and user-friendly operation, they make welding, assembling, and handling large workpieces much easier. - Faster production, increased productivity - Optimum workpiece positioning improves weld quality and enables higher deposition rates - Enhanced safety – hazardous crane handling is greatly reduced - Positioning across up to three axes simultaneously, without time-consuming re-clamping - Simple operation and ergonomic design protect and relieve the operator - Flexibility enabled by modular adaptability and customised special designs Basic principle: By positioning the rotating arm axis above the clamping plate, the arm acts as a counterweight to the workpiece. As a result, these machines offer significantly higher performance compared to turn-tilt tables or rotary-tilting positioners. This principle allows handling of the specified loads in any required position. With infinite rotation of both rotary axes and additional vertical adjustment, all workpiece positions (including overhead) are possible. Turntable speed infinitely adjustable from 0.1 to 1.0 rpm; for models with 2,000 kg and above, 0.05 to 0.6 rpm With wireless remote control Continuous 360° rotation Continuous 360° tilt Lift: 1000 – 1500 mm; from 2 t load capacity: 1250 – 2000 mm Arm outreach up to 1 meter for loads up to 1,000 kg; from 2,000 kg: 1.5 meters

Stanje: rabljeno, na voljo v kratkem roku Hodox H Svwepfx Agxol

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2007, številka stroja/vozila: 001669, Single-Sided Decoiler Hodpshigmbsfx Agxsl ARKU AH 3000/ST-M Year of manufacture: 1995 Maximum strip width: 600 mm Maximum load capacity: 3,000 kg Maximum coil outer diameter: 1,800 mm Expansion: hydraulic Hold-down arm: hydraulic Decoiler with auxiliary drive and brake Fixed coil loading saddle + decoiler traversing device Included: High-Performance Precision Straightening Machine LORENZ BRM 50/620.9 Year of manufacture: 2007 Machine No.: 001669 Maximum pass-through width: 620 mm Number of straightening rolls: 9 Straightening roll diameter: 50 mm Material thickness: 0.7 to 6.0 mm Straightening rolls are multi-point supported against deflection All rolls driven via distribution gearbox and cardan shafts. Used, as-is ex stock, immediately available. Overhaul available on request. Delivery time by arrangement. Further data available shortly or on request.

Stanje: delavnici obnovljeno (rabljeno), Leto izdelave: 1995, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, delovna širina: 3.000 mm, delovna višina: 1.700 mm, Znamka rabljen hidravlični stiskalnik, namenjen lepljenju okvirnih konstrukcij, kot so okenski in vratni okvirji. Sestavljen je iz masivnega jeklenega varjenega ogrodja, izdelanega iz debevnostenskih zaprtih profilov in masivnih I-profilov z veliko togostjo in trdnostjo. Stroj je opremljen s centralno elektrohidravlično črpalko, ki jo upravlja centralna nadzorna plošča. Višina spodnjega nosilca je nastavljiva v 3 stopnjah. Delovno območje: 3000 x 1700 mm Moč motorja črpalke: 2 kW Skupni pritisk: pribl. 14 + 6 ton Hedpfx Agsvva Izoxol Dimenzije: 3800 x 1000 x 2660 mm Teža: pribl. 1800 kg Stranska vrtljiva upravljalna plošča Nožni upravljalni pedali Svetlobna varnostna pregrada

Stanje: novo, Leto izdelave: 2026, Funkcionalnost: popolnoma funkcionalen, številka stroja/vozila: 0000025, višina središča: 315.425 mm, teža obdelovanca (maks.): 3.000 kg, dolžina brušenja: 3.000 mm, premer brusilnega koluta: 750 mm, skupna širina: 2.700 mm, skupna dolžina: 11.000 mm, skupna višina: 2.200 mm, premer brušenja: 630.850 mm, teža obdelovanca med konicami: 3.000 g, razdalja med središči: 3.000 mm, širina brusilnega kolesa: 100 mm, dolžina podajanja os Z: 3.300 mm, hitrost vretena za brušenje: 1.000 obr/min, skupna masa: 17.000 kg, vrtljajska hitrost (min.): 2 obr/min, največja hitrost vrtenja: 250 obr/min, trajanje garancije: 24 meseci, hitro pomikanje X-os: 3 m/min, hitri pomik na osi Z: 6 m/min, vhodna napetost: 400 V, največja hitrost vretena obdelovanca: 250 obr/min, Oprema: vrtilna hitrost brezstopenjsko nastavljiva, Cylindrical grinder BUC63/3000 CNC, new, in 100% condition, equipped with Sinumerik ONE or INTRONIX TOS CNC control system. It is possible to extend the machine with an additional device for superfine finishing SUPFINA, or with a grooving device for rubber or plastic rollers. Hsdeu U Ewgopfx Agxjl

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2005, številka stroja/vozila: M268, Used Filling Monoblock GALDI RG50 up to 3000 cartons/hour Technical Data of the Used GALDI Monoblock The used filling monoblock GALDI RG50, with a capacity of up to 3000 cartons per hour, offers high performance and reliability for the production of fresh liquid products such as milk, cream, and fruit juices. It processes up to 3000 cartons per hour, making it ideal for medium-sized production facilities requiring fast and consistent output. Thus, this machine stands out for its speed and efficiency. Production Capacity and Carton Specifications Galdi designed the RG50 model to process up to 3000 cartons per hour. In addition, the machine supports fill volumes of 0.25, 0.50, and 1 liter, using cartons measuring 70 x 70 mm in the B-format. These specifications ensure the monoblock can efficiently package various formats while maintaining high operational efficiency. Consequently, it offers versatility for different packaging requirements. Power Supply and Energy Consumption This monoblock consumes 20 kW of power and operates at 380V and 50Hz. These energy requirements are standard across machines of this class. Therefore, production sites must ensure their electrical infrastructure can meet these needs to avoid compatibility issues or operational downtime. Careful planning additionally helps prevent unnecessary production delays. Year of Manufacture and Operating Condition Galdi manufactured the used filling monoblock GALDI RG50 up to 3000 cartons/hour in 2005. Despite having logged 22,506 operating hours, the machine remains fully functional following a complete overhaul in 2019. Currently, the machine is in storage and available for sale in its present condition. Recent servicing ensures smooth operation and enhances its value. Dimensions and Weight The machine measures 4.70 meters in length, 2.45 meters in width, and 2.85 meters in height, with a total weight of 2500 kg. These compact dimensions allow for straightforward integration into existing production layouts. Production teams must ensure adequate space for both installation and future maintenance access. Ultimately, thorough workspace planning guarantees a smooth installation process. Compatible Products The used filling monoblock GALDI RG50 up to 3000 cartons/hour processes fresh liquid products such as milk, cream, and juices. Its technology preserves the quality of sensitive products, maintaining their organoleptic properties throughout the filling process. Operators must ensure the products meet the machine’s specifications to avoid quality issues or production interruptions. Compliance with these requirements ensures smooth and reliable operation. Hedpfx Agjvgvgujxel Summary of the Used GALDI Monoblock In summary, the used filling monoblock GALDI RG50 up to 3000 cartons/hour provides a reliable and versatile solution for facilities filling fresh liquid products. Its capability to handle multiple...

Stanje: rabljeno, Leto izdelave: 2023, model krmilnika: , Opis: Tehnični podatki: Hedpfx Agjyz Hr Nexol Število vrtljajev (brezstopenjsko): 0–3.300 min⁻¹ Obremenitev koša (maks.): 8 kg Oprema/Dodatki: Čiščenje delov: Denios pralna kad Ostali dodatki: različna obratovalna sredstva